Raknet Protocol

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RakNet is a networking library used by Minecraft Bedrock Edition. You might want to also look at the documentation for the Bedrock Protocol.

This is based on the old Pocket Edition Protocol Documentation and may be incomplete or outdated.

The source code for the RakNet Library can be found here.

Other implementations exist, such as JRakLibPlus and RakLib.

Data types

	Size (Bytes)	Range	Notes
Byte	1	0 to 255
Long	8	-2^63 to 2^63-1	Signed 64-bit Integer
Magic	16	00ffff00fefefefefdfdfdfd12345678	Always those hex bytes, corresponding to RakNet's default OFFLINE_MESSAGE_DATA_ID
short	2	-32768 to 32767
unsigned short	2	0 to 65535
string	unsigned short + string	N/A	Prefixed by a short containing the length of the string in characters. It appears that only the following ASCII characters can be displayed: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~

Packets

Unconnected Ping

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x01, 0x02	Time	Long		MAGIC	magic
	Client GUID	Long

0x02 is only replied to if there are open connections to the server. Note: as of 0.15.6 it seems that the game refreshes it's LAN world list every 4-5 seconds, however it seems the game will still ping in 1 second intervals.
This packet should be responded to with unconnected Pong.

Unconnected Pong

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x1c	Time	Long
	Server GUID	Long
MAGIC	magic
Server ID string	string	Used for the MOTD. See below for details.

Server ID string format

For Minecraft Bedrock this is separated by semicolons and uses the following format:
MCPE;MOTD line 1;Protocol Version;Version Name;Player Count;Max Player Count;Server Unique ID;MOTD line 2;Gamemode;Unknown;Port (IPv4);Port (IPv6);
Example:
MCPE;Dedicated Server;390;1.14.60;0;10;13253860892328930865;Bedrock level;Survival;1;19132;19133;
Result:

Connected Ping

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x00	Time	Long

Connected Pong

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x03	Ping Time	Long
	Pong Time	Long

Offline Connection Request 1

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x05	Magic	MAGIC
	Protocol version	byte	Currently 7
	MTU	mtu-46 zero bytes	The MTU sent in the response appears to be somewhere around the size of this padding + 46 (28 udp overhead, 1 packet id, 16 magic, 1 protocol version)

The client sends these to the target server with ever decreasing MTU until the server responds. This is used to discover the MTU size for the connection. If the RakNet protocol does not match your own, respond with the Incompatible protocol packet

Offline Connection Response 1

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x06	Magic	MAGIC
	Server GUID	Long
	Use security	boolean	Make sure this is false, it is vital for the login sequence to continue!
	MTU	short	see Offline Connection Request 1

Offline Connection Request 2

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x07	Magic	MAGIC
	Server Address	address
	MTU	short
	Client GUID	Long

Offline Connection Response 2

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x08	Magic	MAGIC
	Server GUID	Long
	Client Address	address
	MTU	short
	Encryption enabled?	byte	0 for disabled.

Online Connection Request

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x09	GUID	Long
	Time	Long

Online Connection Request Accepted

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x10	Client address	address
	System index	short	Unknown what this does. 0 works as a value.
	Internal IDs	10x address	Unknown what these do. 255.255.255.255:19132 for all of them seems to work, any other address will probably work as well.
	Request time	Long
	Time	Long

Incompatible protocol

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x19	Protocol	byte
	Magic	MAGIC
	Server GUID	Long

Unconnected Ping

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x01, 0x02	Time	Long
	GUID	Long

Frame Set Packet

Packet ID	Field Name			Field Type	Notes
0x80..0x8d	Frame Set index			uint24le
	Frames	Flags		byte	Top 3 bits are reliability type, fourth bit is 1 when the frame is fragmented and part of a compound.
		Length IN BITS		short	Length of the body in bits.
		Reliable frame index		uint24le	only if reliable
		Sequenced frame index		uint24le	only if sequenced
		Order	Ordered frame index	uint24le	only if ordered
			Order channel	byte
		Fragment	Compound size	int	only if fragmented
			Compound ID	short
			Index	int
		Body	ceil(length/8) bytes

The reliability types are as follows:

ID	Name	Reliable	Ordered	Sequenced
0	unreliable
1	unreliable sequenced		x	x
2	reliable	x
3	reliable ordered	x	x
4	reliable sequenced	x	x	x
5	unreliable (+ ACK receipt)
6	reliable (+ ACK receipt)	x
7	reliable ordered (+ ACK receipt)	x	x

Sequenced implies ordered.

Game Packet

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x8e	Body	bytes	Single packet of the GAME protocol.

NACK

Packet ID	Field Name			Field Type	Notes
0xa0	Record count			short
	Record	Is Range?		byte	0 for range, 1 for no range
		No Range	Index	uint24le
		Range	Start Index	uint24le
			End Index	uint24le

ACK

Packet ID	Field Name			Field Type	Notes
0xc0	Record count			short
	Record	Is Range?		byte	0 for range, 1 for no range
		No Range	Index	uint24le
		Range	Start Index	uint24le
			End Index	uint24le