User:Mudkipdev/delete

This page was created in an attempt to document the old Beta 1.7.3 protocol considering there is an active modding community around it. Credit for the initial page goes to the Great Old Ones, and the users in #mcdevs in Libera.Chat. If you're having trouble, check out the Modification Station Discord server in #minecraft-general or #mod-talk.

Data Types

All types in Minecraft are big-endian, that is, the most significant byte comes first. The majority of everyday computers are little endian, and using most programming languages will require converting big endian values to little endian.

These data formats are identical to those provided by the Java classes DataInputStream and DataOutputStream.

Data Type	Size	Range	Notes
byte	1	-128 to 127	Signed, two's complement
short	2	-32768 to 32767	Signed, two's complement
int	4	-2147483648 to 2147483647	Signed, two's complement
long	8	-9223372036854775808 to 9223372036854775807	Signed, two's complement
float	4	See this	Single-precision 32-bit IEEE 754 floating point
double	8	See this	Double-precision 64-bit IEEE 754 floating point
string8	≥ 2	N/A	Modified UTF-8 string. Prefixed by a short containing the length of the string.
string16	≥ 2 ≤ 240	N/A	UCS-2 string, big-endian. Prefixed by a short containing the length of the string in characters. UCS-2 consists of 16-bit words, each of which represent a Unicode code point between U+0000 and U+FFFF inclusive.
boolean	1	0 or 1	Value can be either 0x01 (true) or 0x00 (false).
Metadata	varies	See below	See below

Metadata

The Metadata type provides extra information about an entity, such as sheep color. Metadata was introduced in Beta 1.2. Currently, it takes the following form:

 let x = 0 of type byte
 while (x = read byte from stream) does not equal 127:
     select based on value of (x >> 5):
         case 0: read byte from stream
         case 1: read short from stream
         case 2: read int from stream
         case 3: read float from stream
         case 4: read string (UCS-2) from stream
         case 5: read short, byte, short from stream; save as item stack (id, count, damage, respectively)
         case 6: read int, int, int from stream; save as extra entity information.
     end select
 end while

The last 5 bits of x (x & 0x1F) are either an index or bitmask. Currently, only "byte" type metadata has been seen from the server.

For known extra entity information values, see Mob Types.

Terminology

This is a fairly lengthy page, and to make it more readable certain terminology must be understood. Terms used on this page and their definition are provided below.

Term	Definition
Player	When used in in the singular term, player always refers to the client connected to the server
Entity	Entity refers to any player, mob, dropped item, or minecart/boat in the world.
Entity ID	An entity ID is a 4-byte integer uniquely identifying a specific entity.
XYZ Position	+X points south, +Y points upwards, and +Z points west.

Units of Measurement

There are several different units of measurement used in the protocol depending on what is being described. For example, it wouldn't make much sense to send the position of a block (which is a constant multiple of 32) in a floating point double.

A block represents 1 meter x 1 meter x 1 meter. There are 32 pixels per meter, and chunks are 16m x 128m x 16m.

Unit	Data Types	Real-Life Unit	Represents
Absolute	double	meters	Represents an object's location in the world.
Absolute Integer	int	pixels	Represents an object's location in the world. Functions the same as Absolute Double, but requires fewer bytes and is less precise. In C/C++/Java: absolute_int = (int)(absolute_double * 32.0);
Block	byte, short, int	meters	Represents a block's location in the world.
Chunk	short, int	chunks	Represents the position of a chunk.

Packets

All packets begin with a single "Packet ID" byte. Listed packet size includes this byte. Packets are either "server to client", "client to server", or both. If not specified, assume that the packet can be sent both ways. There is no "length" field; for variable length packets, you must parse to the end to determine the length.

Keep Alive (0x00)

This packet is sent to ensure the connection is alive. The vanilla server will disconnect the client if it doesn't receive at least one packet before 1200 in-game ticks, and the vanilla client will time out the server under the same conditions.

Packet ID
0x00

Login (0x01)

Client to Server

Sent by the client after the handshake to finish logging in. If the version is outdated or any field is invalid, the server will kick the client with a disconnect packet. If the client is started in offline mode, the player's username will default to Player???, making LAN play without authentication impossible as the server will prevent multiple users with the same name.

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x01	Protocol Version	int	14	Used for checking server-client compatibility. The protocol version for Beta 1.7.3 is 14.
	Username	string16	Notch	The name of the user attempting to login, max length of 16 bytes.
	Unused	long	0	This is the map seed in a clientbound packet. This value is also useful for negotiating mod support.
	Unused	byte		This is the dimension in a clientbound packet.
	Total Size:	16 bytes + length of strings

Server to Client

Sent by the server if it accepts the clients login request. If it didn't, it'll send a kick instead.

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x01	Entity ID	int	1298	The player's entity ID.
	Unused	string16	n/a	This is the username in a serverbound packet. This value is also useful for negotiating mod support.
	Map Seed	long	971768181197178410	Used for terrain and biome generation. This is read by the client, but not necessary.
	Dimension	byte	0	The player's dimension. 0 for The Overworld, -1 for The Nether.
	Total Size:	16 bytes + length of strings

Handshake (0x02)

Client to Server

This is the first packet sent when the client connects and is used for Authentication.

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x02	Username	string16	Notch	The username of the player attempting to connect, max length of 16
Total Size:	3 bytes + length of strings

Server to Client

This is the first packet sent when the client connects and is used for Authentication. If the hash is '-', then the client continues without doing name authentication. If the hash is a '+', the client sends the server password in the login request. (Note that this hash, as of the latest version of the Beta server, is a randomly generated long in hexadecimal form, and has nothing to do with the client or the server he is connected to)

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x02	Connection Hash	string16	2e66f1dc032ab5f0	A unique, per-connection hash, or '-', or '+'
Total Size:	3 bytes + length of strings

Chat Message (0x03)

A chat message from the client to the server, or the server to the client.

The vanilla server will check the message to see if it begins with a "/". If it does, the server assumes it to be a command and attempts to process it. Otherwise, the username will be prepended to the message and sent to all players. A message longer than 100 characters will cause the server to kick the client. This limits the chat message packet length to 103 bytes. Note that this limit does not apply to incoming chat messages as the server may have prepended other information, not limited to, but usually including, a username.

A message longer than 119 characters will cause the vanilla server and client to crash and print the message "Received string length longer than maximum allowed (X > 119)".

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x03	Chat Message	string16	<Notch> Hello world!	User input must be sanitized server-side.
Total Size:	3 bytes + length of the message.

A server may also send hexadecimal codes to colorize the message by prepending § (U+00A7) and the hexadecimal code before the message.

Code	Name	Color				Shadow Color
		R	G	B	Hex	R	G	B	Hex
0	Black	0	0	0	#000000	0	0	0	#000000
1	Dark Blue	0	0	170	#0000aa	0	0	42	#00002a
2	Dark Green	0	170	0	#00aa00	0	42	0	#002a00
3	Dark Aqua	0	170	170	#00aaaa	0	42	42	#002a2a
4	Dark Red	170	0	0	#aa0000	42	0	0	#2a0000
5	Purple	170	0	170	#aa00aa	42	0	42	#2a002a
6	Gold	255	170	0	#ffaa00	42	42	0	#2a2a00
7	Gray	170	170	170	#aaaaaa	42	42	42	#2a2a2a
8	Dark Gray	85	85	85	#555555	21	21	21	#151515
9	Blue	85	85	255	#5555ff	21	21	63	#15153f
a	Green	85	255	85	#55ff55	21	63	21	#153f15
b	Aqua	85	255	255	#55ffff	21	63	63	#153f3f
c	Red	255	85	85	#ff5555	63	21	21	#3f1515
d	Pink	255	85	255	#ff55ff	63	21	63	#3f153f
e	Yellow	255	255	85	#ffff55	63	63	21	#3f3f15
f	White	255	255	255	#ffffff	63	63	63	#3f3f3f

Set Time (0x04)

Server to Client only

Time in Minecraft is based on ticks where there should be 24,000 ticks per day, making each Minecraft day exactly 20 minutes long.

The time of day is based on the timestamp modulo 24,000. 0 is sunrise, 6000 is noon, 12000 is sunset, and 18000 is midnight.

The default SMP server increments the time by 20 every second, but this may slow down with a laggy server.

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x04	Time	long	6000	The world or region time in ticks.
Total Size:	9 bytes

Entity Inventory (0x05)

After each "Named Entity Spawn" packet, there will be five of these packets for the equipped item and armor. If there are changes in visible equipment, another one of these is sent.

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x05	Entity ID	int	0x00010643	Named Entity ID
	Inventory Slot	short	4	Equipment slot: 0 is held item, 1 through 4 are armor slots.
	Item ID	short	-1	Equipped item (-1 for no item)
	Item Metadata/Damage	short	0	The damage value of the item.
Total Size:	11 bytes

Set Spawn Point (0x06)

Server to Client only

Sent by the server after login to specify the coordinates of the spawn point (the point at which the player will spawn at, and where the compass will always point to).

It can be sent at any time to update the position of where the player's compass points at.

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x06	X	int	117	Spawn's X position in block coordinates.
	Y	int	70	Spawn's Y position in block coordinates.
	Z	int	-46	Spawn's Z position in block coordinates.
Total Size:	13 bytes

Click Entity (0x07)

This packet is sent from the client to the server when the client left/right-clicks another entity.

A vanilla server only accepts this packet if the entity being attacked/used is visible without obstruction and within a 4-unit radius of the player's position.

(This packet data values are not fully verified)

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x07	Player Entity ID	int	1298	The entity of the player (ignored by the server)
	Target Entity ID	int	1805	The entity the player is interacting with
	Left-Click?	boolean	0x01	Set to true when the player is left-clicking while facing the entity and false when right-clicking.
Total Size:	10 bytes

Set Health (0x08)

Server to Client only

Sent by the server to set or update the health of the player.

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x08	Health	short	20	0 or less is dead, 20 is full health.
Total Size:	3 bytes

Respawn (0x09)

Sent by the client when the player presses the "Respawn" button after dying. The server should then teleport the player to the respawn point, and sends a respawn packet in response. The client will not leave the respawn screen until it receives a respawn packet back.

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x09	Dimension	byte	1	0 for The Overworld, and -1 for The Nether.
Total Size:	2 bytes

Player Flying (0x0A)

Client to Server only

This packet is used to indicate whether the player is on ground (walking/swimming), or airborne (jumping/falling).

When dropping from sufficient height, fall damage is applied when this state goes from false to true. The amount of damage applied is based on the point where it last changed from true to false. Note that there are several movement related packets containing this state.

This value is controlled by the client and can be spoofed!

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x0A	On Ground?	boolean	1	0x01 if the client is on the ground, otherwise it will be 0x00.
Total Size:	2 bytes

Player Position (0x0B)

Client to Server (player-controlled movement).

Updates the player's XYZ position on the server. If Stance - Y is less than 0.1 or greater than 1.65, the stance is illegal and the client will be kicked with the message “Illegal Stance”. If the distance between the last known position of the player on the server and the new position set by this packet has a distance greater than 100 units will result in the client being kicked for "You moved too quickly :( (Hacking?)" Also if the absolute number of X or Z is set greater than 3.2E7D the client will be kicked for "Illegal position".

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x0B	X	double	102.809	Absolute position
	Y	double	70.00	Absolute position
	Stance	double	71.62	Used to modify the players bounding box when going up stairs, crouching, etc…
	Z	double	68.30	Absolute position
	On Ground?	boolean	0x01	Derived from packet 0x0A
Total Size:	34 bytes

Player Look (0x0C)

Client to Server (player-controlled movement).

The unit circle for yaw

Updates the direction the player is looking in.

Yaw is measured in degrees, and does not follow classical trigonometry rules. The unit circle of yaw on the xz-plane starts at (0, 1) and turns backwards towards (-1, 0), or in other words, it turns clockwise instead of counterclockwise. Additionally, yaw is not clamped to between 0 and 360 degrees; any number is valid, including negative numbers and numbers greater than 360.

Pitch is measured in degrees, where 0 is looking straight ahead, -90 is looking straight up, and 90 is looking straight down.

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x0C	Yaw	float	0.00	Absolute rotation on the X Axis, in degrees
	Pitch	float	0.00	Absolute rotation on the Y Axis, in degrees
	On Ground?	boolean	0x01	Derived from packet 0x0A
Total Size:	10 bytes

Player Position & Look (0x0D)

A combination of Player Look and Player position.

Client to Server

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x0D	X	double	6.5	Absolute position
	Y	double	65.620000004768372	Absolute position
	Stance	double	67.240000009536743	Used to modify the players bounding box when going up stairs, crouching, etc…
	Z	double	7.5	Absolute position
	Yaw	float	0.0	Absolute rotation on the X Axis
	Pitch	float	0.0	Absolute rotation on the Y Axis
	On Ground	boolean	0	Derived from packet 0x0A
Total Size:	42 bytes

Server to Client

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x0D	X	double	6.5	Absolute position
	Stance	double	67.240000009536743	Used to modify the players bounding box when going up stairs, crouching, etc…
	Y	double	65.620000004768372	Absolute position
	Z	double	7.5	Absolute position
	Yaw	float	0.0	Absolute rotation on the X Axis
	Pitch	float	0.0	Absolute rotation on the Y Axis
	On Ground	boolean	0	Derived from packet 0x0A
Total Size:	42 bytes

Note that this packet differs from client Player & Position Look packet - the Stance and Y are sent in a different order.

Stance and Y seems to be the opposite as in the table (from Client to Server = X, Y, Stance, Z, from Server to client = X, Stance, Y, Z) please confirm ! [BackBone`:] The opposite stance<->y confirmed, however the given structs had the server and client struct reversed, which I fixed.

When you connect to the official server, it will push a 0x0D packet. If you do not immediately respond with a 0x0D (or maybe 0x0A-0x0C) packet with similar and valid information, it will have unexpected results, such as map chunks not loading and future 0x0A-0x0D packets being ignored.

Mine (0x0E)

Sent when the player mines a block. A vanilla server only accepts mining packets with coordinates within a 6-unit radius of the player's position.

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x0E	Status	byte	1	The action the player is taking against the block. (see below)
	X	int	32	The block's X position.
	Y	byte	64	The block's Y position.
	Z	int	32	The block's Z position.
	Face	byte	3	The face being hit. (see below)
Total Size:	12 bytes

Status can (currently) be one of four values:

Meaning	Value
Started Mining	0
Finished Mining	2
Drop Item	4

Vanilla clients send 0 when they start mining and 2 once they think they are finished. If mining is aborted, no notice is sent to the server; the client simply does not send a finished mining packet.

Value 4 (drop item) is a special case. In-game, when you use the Drop Item command (keypress 'q'), a dig packet with a status of 4, and all other values set to 0, is sent from client to server.

The face can be one of six values, representing the face being hit:

Value	0	1	2	3	4	5
Offset	-Y	+Y	-Z	+Z	-X	+X

Place Block/Item (0x0F)

Sent when the player places a block or an item. The coordinates sent in this packet are actually the block being built against, which combined with the direction offset tell you where the block should be placed. This is required to correctly position furnaces, torches, etc…

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x0F	X	int	32	The block's X position.
	Y	byte	64	The block's Y position.
	Z	int	32	The block's Z position.
	Direction	byte	3	The offset to use for block/item placement. (see below)
	Block or Item ID	short	1	The block or item to be placed
	Quantity	byte	34	The amount of the item in the player's hand.
	Damage (opt)	short	83	The damage of the item.
Total Size:	13 bytes or 16 bytes

If the block/item ID field is greater than or equal to 0, then the last 2 fields (amount and damage) are read. Otherwise, they are not read. When 'placing' (Or more accurately, using) your empty hand, the client sends -1 as the block/item ID.

The direction can be one of six values, representing the face the block/item is being placed against:

Value	0	1	2	3	4	5
Offset	-Y	+Y	-Z	+Z	-X	+X

In normal operation (i.e. placing a block), this packet is sent once, with the values set normally.

This packet has a special case where X, Y, Z, and Direction are all -1. This special packet indicates that the currently held item for the player should have its state updated such as eating food, shooting bows, using buckets, etc.

In a Notchian Beta client, the block or item ID corresponds to whatever the client is currently holding, and the client sends one of these packets any time a right-click is issued on a surface, so no assumptions can be made about the safety of the ID. However, with the implementation of server-side inventory, a Notchian server seems to ignore the item ID, instead operating on server-side inventory information and holding selection.

Special note on using buckets: When using buckets, the Notchian client might send two packets: first a normal and then a special case. The first normal packet is sent when you're looking at a block (e.g. the water you want to scoop up). This normal packet does not appear to do anything with a Notchian server. The second, special case packet appears to perform the action - based on current position/orientation and with a distance check - it appears that buckets can only be used within a radius of 6 units.

Held Item (0x10)

Sent when a player changes their selected slot.

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x10	Slot ID	short	1	The slot which the player has selected (0-8)
Total Size:	3 bytes

Use Bed (0x11)

Server to Client
Associated with players using beds.

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x11	Entity ID	int	89	Player ID
	Type	byte	0	This appears to always be 0.
	X	int	-247	The bed's (headboard?) X as block coordinate
	Y	byte	78	The bed's (headboard?) Y as block coordinate
	Z	int	128	Bed (headboard?) Z as block coordinate
Total Size:	15 bytes

Animation (0x12)

Sent whenever an entity should change animation.

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x12	EID	int	55534	Player ID
	Animation	byte	1	Can be 0 (no animation), 1 (arm swing), 2 (damaged), or 3 (leave bed).
Total Size:	6 bytes

Only the swing arm animation is sent by the vanilla client.

Entity Action (0x13)

Client to Server only

Sent at least when crouching and leaving a bed.

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x13	EID	int	55534	Player ID
	Action	byte	1	Can be 1 (crouch), 2 (uncrouch) or 3 (leave bed).
Total Size:	6 bytes

Spawn Player (0x14)

Server to Client only

This packet is sent by the server when a player comes into visible range, not when a player joins.

Servers can, however, safely spawn player entities for players not in visible range. The client will handle it correctly.

The vanilla client is not okay with receiving player entity packets, however, that refer to its own username or EID; it will teleport to the absolute origin of the map and fall through the void any time it receives them.

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x14	EID	int	94453	Player ID
	Player Name	string16	Notch	Max length of 16
	X	int	784	The player's X position.
	Y	int	2131	The player's Y position.
	Z	int	-752	The player's Z position.
	Rotation	byte	0	Player rotation as a packed byte
	Pitch	byte	0	Player rotation as a packed byte
	Current Item	short	0	The item the player is currently holding. Note that this should be 0 for "no item", unlike -1 used in other packets. A negative value crashes clients.
Total Size:	23 bytes + length of strings

Spawn Item (0x15)

Server to Client only

A spawn item packet is sent by the server whenever an item (say a pickaxe thrown on the ground) comes into range of the player. (note: this means range for item vision, not range for pickup!)

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x15	Entity ID	int	157617	The dropped item's entity ID.
	Item	short	4	The item ID.
	Quantity	byte	1	The number of items dropped.
	Metadata/Damage	short		The damage of the item.
	X	int	133	The item's X position.
	Y	int	913	The item's Y position.
	Z	int	63552	The item's Z position.
	Rotation	byte	252	Item rotation as a packed byte
	Pitch	byte	25	Item pitch as a packed byte
	Roll	byte	12	Item roll as a packed byte
Total Size:	25 bytes

Pick Up Item (0x16)

Server to Client only

Sent by the server when someone picks up an item lying on the ground - its sole purpose appears to be the animation of the item flying towards you. It doesn't destroy the entity in the client memory (0x1D does that), and it doesn't add it to your inventory (0x67 does that). The server only checks for items to be picked up after each Player Position and Player Position & Look packet sent by the client.

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x16	Item Entity ID	int	38	The entity ID of the item that was picked up.
	Player Entity ID	int	20	The entity ID of the player who picked up the item.
Total Size:	9 bytes

Spawn Object (0x17)

Server to Client only

Sent by the server when an object/vehicle is created.

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x17	Entity ID	int	62	The entity ID of the object.
	Type	byte	11	The type of the object. (see below)
	X	int	16080	The X position of the object.
	Y	int	2299	The Y position of the object.
	Z	int	592	The Z position of the object.
	Unknown	int	0	Usually 0 unless the object is an arrow or fireball. If it's zero, the following fields are not sent.
	Unknown	short	0	The arrow/fireball's X velocity?
	Unknown	short	0	The arrow/fireball's Y velocity?
	Unknown	short	0	The arrow/fireball's Z velocity?
Total Size:	22 or 28 bytes

Object Types

Type ID	Type Name
1	Boat
10	Minecart
11	Minecart with Chest
12	Minecart with Furnace
50	Primed TNT
60	Arrow
61	Snowball
62	Egg
63	Fireball
70	Falling Sand
71	Falling Gravel
90	Fish (water particles during fishing)

Spawn Mob (0x18)

Server to Client only

Sent by the server when a living entity is spawned.

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x18	Entity ID	int	446	Entity ID
	Type	byte	91	The type of mob to spawn. (see below)
	X	int	13366	The mob's X position.
	Y	int	2176	The mob's Y position.
	Z	int	1680	The mob's Z position.
	Yaw	byte	-27	The X Axis rotation in steps of 2π/256
	Pitch	byte	0	The Y Axis rotation in steps of 2π/256
	Metadata	Metadata	127	Indexed metadata for Mob. Terminated by 0x7F. See below, and see #Metadata for the general format.
Total Size:	20 bytes + Metadata (at least 1)

Mob Types

Type ID	Type Name	Metadata

Type ID	Type Name	Metadata
50	Creeper	Index 16 is byte: status of the creeper (depends on the fuse) Index 17 is byte: 1 if creeper was Struck by lightning, 0 otherwise
51	Skeleton	No metadata
52	Spider	No metadata
53	Giant Zombie	No metadata
54	Zombie	No metadata
55	Slime	Index 16: Byte containing the size of it: 1 << rand.nextInt(3)
56	Ghast	Index 16: Byte saying if ghast is attacking (red eyes) or not
57	Zombie Pigman	No metadata
90	Pig	Index 16 - byte - set to 1 if the pig has a saddle, 0 otherwise.
91	Sheep	Index 16 - byte - Bit 0x10 indicates shearedness, the lower 4 bits indicate wool color.
92	Cow	No metadata
93	Hen	No metadata
94	Squid	No metadata
95	Wolf	Index 16 - byte - Bitflags (see below) Index 17 - string - Name of the player who tamed the wolf Index 18 - int - Health of the wolf

Sheep Wool Colors

Index	Wool Color
0	White
1	Orange
2	Magenta
3	LightBlue
4	Yellow
5	Lime
6	Pink
7	Gray
8	Silver
9	Cyan
10	Purple
11	Blue
12	Brown
13	Green
14	Red
15	Black

Metadata index 0 is a byte representing a set of 8 boolean flags:

Bit index	Bit mask	Meaning
0	0x01	Entity on fire
1	0x02	Entity crouched
2	0x04	Entity riding

Metadata index 16 for wolves:

Bit index	Bit mask	Meaning
0	0x01	Sitting down
1	0x02	Agressive (red eyes)
2	0x04	Tamed

Entity: Painting (0x19)

This packet shows location, name, and type of painting.

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x19	Entity ID	int	0x00000326	Unique entity ID
	Title	String16	Creepers	Name of the painting; max length 13 (length of "SkullAndRoses")
	X	int	50	Center X coordinate
	Y	int	66	Center Y coordinate
	Z	int	-50	Center Z coordinate
	Direction	int	0	Direction the painting faces (0 -z, 1 -x, 2 +z, 3 +x)

Calculating the center of an image: given a (width x height) grid of cells, with (0, 0) being the top left corner, the center is (max(0, width / 2 - 1), height / 2). E.g.

2x1 (1, 0) 4x4 (1, 2)

Stance update (?) (0x1B)

This packet appears used in controlling position, orientation, and crouching. It doesn't seem to be used (see 0x0D).

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x1B	???	float
	???	float
	???	float
	???	float
	???	boolean
	???	boolean

Entity Velocity? (0x1C)

This packet is new to version 4 of the protocol, and is believed to be Entity Velocity/Motion.

Velocity is believed to be in units of 1/32000 of a block per server tick (200ms); for example, -1343 would move (-1343 / 32000) = -0.04196875 blocks per tick (or -0.20984375 blocks per second).

Each axis' velocity is capped between -0.9 and 0.9 blocks per tick (packet values -28800 to 28800).

(This packet data values are not fully verified)

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x1C	Entity ID	int	1805	The entity ID
	Velocity X	short	-1343	Velocity on the X axis
	Velocity Y	short	0	Velocity on the Y axis
	Velocity Z	short	0	Velocity on the Z axis
Total Size:	11 bytes

Destroy Entity (0x1D)

Server to Client only

Sent by the server when an Entity is to be destroyed on the client.

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x1D	EID	int	446	Entity ID
Total Size:	5 bytes

Entity (0x1E)

Server to Client only

Most entity-related packets are subclasses of this packet. When sent from the server to the client, it may initialize the entry.

For player entities, either this packet or any move/look packet is sent several times per second. So the meaning of this packet is basically that the entity did not move/look since the last such packet.

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x1E	EID	int	446	Entity ID
Total Size:	5 bytes

Entity Relative Move (0x1F)

Server to Client only

This packet is sent by the server when an entity moves less then 4 blocks; if an entity moves more then 4 blocks Entity Teleport should be sent instead.

This packet allows at most four blocks movement in any direction, because byte range is from -128 to 127. Movement is an offset of Absolute Int; to convert relative move to block coordinate offset, divide by 32.

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x1F	EID	int	459	Entity ID
	dX	byte	1	X axis Relative movement as an Absolute Integer
	dY	byte	-7	Y axis Relative movement as an Absolute Integer
	dZ	byte	5	Z axis Relative movement as an Absolute Integer
Total Size:	8 bytes

Entity Look (0x20)

Server to Client only

This packet is sent by the server when an entity rotates. Example: "Yaw" field 64 means a 90 degree turn.

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x20	EID	int	459	Entity ID
	Yaw	byte	126	The X Axis rotation as a fraction of 360
	Pitch	byte	0	The Y Axis rotation as a fraction of 360
Total Size:	7 bytes

Entity Look and Relative Move (0x21)

Server to Client only

This packet is sent by the server when an entity rotates and moves. Since a byte range is limited from -128 to 127, and movement is offset of Absolute Int, this packet allows at most four blocks movement in any direction. (-128/32 == -4)

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x21	EID	int	459	Entity ID
	dX	byte	1	X axis Relative movement as an Absolute Integer
	dY	byte	-7	Y axis Relative movement as an Absolute Integer
	dZ	byte	5	Z axis Relative movement as an Absolute Integer
	Yaw	byte	126	The X Axis rotation as a fraction of 360
	Pitch	byte	0	The Y Axis rotation as a fraction of 360
Total Size:	10 bytes

Entity Teleport (0x22)

Server to Client only

This packet is sent by the server when an entity moves more than 4 blocks.

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x22	EID	int	459	Entity ID
	X	int	14162	X axis position as an Absolute Integer
	Y	int	2176	Y axis position as an Absolute Integer
	Z	int	1111	Z axis position as an Absolute Integer
	Yaw	byte	126	The X Axis rotation as a fraction of 360
	Pitch	byte	0	The Y Axis rotation as a fraction of 360
Total Size:	19 bytes

Entity Status? (0x26)

Server to Client only

This command is not fully understood.

This packet is new in version 6 of the protocol, and is believed to be indication of entity damage, death and explosion

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x26	Entity ID	Int	34353
	Entity Status?	Byte	0x03	Possible values: 2 (entity hurt), 3 (entity dead?), 4, 5
	Total Size:	6 bytes

Attach Entity? (0x27)

This packet is new to version 4 of the protocol, and is believed to be Attach Entity.

This packet is sent when a player has been attached to an entity (e.g. Minecart)

(This packet data values are not fully verified)

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x27	Entity ID	int	1298	The player entity ID being attached
	Vehicle ID	int	1805	The vehicle entity ID attached to (-1 for unattaching)
Total Size:	9 bytes

Entity Metadata (0x28)

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x28	Entity ID	int	0x00000326	Unique entity ID to update.
	Entity Metadata	Metadata	0x00 0x01 0x7F	Metadata varies by mob... Needs type description
Total Size:	5 bytes + Metadata

Metadata

Metadata has a massively quirky packing format, the details of which are not quite all understood. However, successful parsing of metadata is possible, according to the following rules.

A metadata field is a byte. The top three bits of the byte, when masked off and interpreted as a three-bit number from 0 to 7, indicate the type of the field. The lower five bits are some sort of unknown identifier. The type of the byte indicates the size and type of a payload which follows the initial byte of the field.

The metadata format consists of at least one field, followed by either another field or the magic number 0x7F. 0x7F terminates a metadata stream.

Thus, the example metadata stream 0x00 0x01 0x7f is decoded as a field of type 0, id 0, with a payload of byte 0x00.

Field ID	Field Type
0	Byte
1	Short
2	Int
3	Float
4	String
5	Item: Short id, byte count, short damage
6	Vector: Int x, int y, int z

Pre-Chunk (0x32)

Server to Client only

This packet is sent by the server to notify the client to initialize (Mode=1) or unload (Mode=0) a chunk. The client is expected to allocate space for a full chunk (currently 16 x 128 x 16 blocks). One or more 0x33 packets will follow, specifying actual data to fill the chunk with.

Whenever you send this packet the client will clear any previous chunk at that spot if one has previously been sent. Clients don't like being in or next to an unloaded chunk, so try not to unload it if players are nearby. If the player appears to be twitching and stuck in place after joining the world, there is probably an unloaded chunk too close to them.

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x32	X	int	-9	Chunk X Coordinate
	Z	int	12	Chunk Z Coordinate
	Mode	boolean	1	If mode is 0 the client will unload the chunk, otherwise the client will initialize the chunk
Total Size:	10 bytes

Map Chunk (0x33)

Server to Client only

The client will overwrite all or part of a chunk using the region of data contained in this packet. The server specifies the region to write using a block position and size in X,Y,Z. Note that this region will always be inside a single chunk. (At least using the vanilla server. Unknown if the client has this limitation.)

A server can send a 0x32 packet prior, allowing the client to initialize the chunk. However this doesn't always happen in practice. Thus the client should initialize the chunk on-demand.

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x33	X	int	128	Block X Coordinate
	Y	short	0	Block Y Coordinate
	Z	int	-192	Block Z Coordinate
	Size_X	byte	15	Size_X is Actual X Size -1
	Size_Y	byte	127	Size_Y is Actual Y Size -1
	Size_Z	byte	15	Size_Z is Actual Z Size -1
	Compressed size	int	3663	Size of compressed region data
	Compressed data	byte array	…	The region data is compressed using ZLib Deflate function.
Total Size:	18 bytes + Compressed chunk size

X, Y, Z

This is the start position of the region, in world block coordinates.

To find which chunk is affected, in the same coordinates given by packet 0x32:

 ChunkX = X >> 4 
 ChunkY = Y >> 7
 ChunkZ = Z >> 4

And conversely, which local block in the chunk to start at:

 StartX = X & 15
 StartY = Y & 127  (not always 0!)
 StartZ = Z & 15

SizeX, SizeY, SizeZ

This is the size of the region, in blocks. The server will subtract one from the sizes and then cast them to a byte before sending. This is so that chunks as large as 256 are possible (the maximum size of a byte is 255; 256 - 1 = 255).

Compressed data

The data is compressed using the deflate() function in zlib. After uncompressing, the data consists of four sequential sections, in order:

• Block type array (1 byte per block)
• Block metadata array (half byte/nibble per block)
• Block Light array (half byte/nibble per block)
• Sky Light array (half byte/nibble per block)

The data is exactly (Size_X+1) * (Size_Y+1) * (Size_Z+1) * 2.5 bytes long. Nibbles are not rounded either direction, which means that at least one dimension of the chunk must be even.

The arrays are not interlaced.

In other words, there are Size_X number of x planes, each plane made up of Size_Z number of z rows, each row made up of Size_Y blocks indexed by y coordinate in order.

The block type array is indexed with:

 index = y + (z * (Size_Y+1)) + (x * (Size_Y+1) * (Size_Z+1))

The other arrays are similar but you need to divide the index by two after calculating the above. Then each byte contains data for two blocks. The low four bits contain the first (lower Y) nibble and the high four bits contain the second nibble.

If you have a FULL map chunk (Size_X = 15, Size_Y = 127, Size_Z = 15, you can calculate index coordinates:

 x = X + ( index >> 11 )
 y = index & 0x7F
 z = Z + ( (index & 0x780) >> 7 )

Multi Block Change (0x34)

Further investigation shows that this is a multiple-block-change command; if you take the three arrays, and put together elements with the same index, and then decompose the short into coordinates (top 4 bits is X, next 4 bits is Z, bottom 8 bits is Y), you get things like [((8, 7, 4), 11, 0), ((7, 13, 6), 11, 0), ((13, 1, 8), 11, 0), ((7, 6, 6), 11, 0)].

See the Block Change command for description of the general format of a block change.

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x34	Chunk X	int	-9	Chunk X Coordinate
	Chunk Z	int	12	Chunk Z Coordinate
	Array size	short	2	The total number of elements per array
	Coordinate array	short array	…	The coordinates of the blocks to change
	Type array	byte array	…	The type for each block change
	Metadata array	byte array	…	The Metadata for each block changed
Total Size:	11 bytes + Arrays

Block Change (0x35)

Block metadata varies by block type - it should be 0x00 for most blocks with a few exceptions, shown in the table below.

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x35	X	int	502	Block X Coordinate
	Y	byte	71	Block Y Coordinate
	Z	int	18	Block Z Coordinate
	Block Type	byte	78	The new block type for the block
	Block Metadata	byte	0	The new Metadata for the block
Total Size:	12 bytes

Block Action (0x36)

Server to Client only

This packet is sent to the client when a note block is played or a piston changes it's state.

Note Block

It shows the note particle being emitted from the block as well as playing the tone.

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x35	X	int	502	Block X Coordinate
	Y	short	71	Block Y Coordinate
	Z	int	18	Block Z Coordinate
	Instrument Type	byte	3	The instrument type (see the table below).
	Pitch	byte	17	The pitch of the note (between 0-24 inclusive where 0 is the lowest and 24 is the highest).
Total Size:	13 bytes

Instrument Types

Type ID	Type Name
0	Harp
1	Double Bass
2	Snare Drum
3	Clicks/Sticks
4	Bass Drum

Pistons

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x35	X	int	502	Block X Coordinate
	Y	short	71	Block Y Coordinate
	Z	int	18	Block Z Coordinate
	State	byte	1	The state the piston changes to. (0 for pushing, 1 for pulling)
	Direction	byte	5	The direction the piston pushes. See table below.
Total Size:	13 bytes

Directions

Direction ID	Direction
0	Down
1	Up
2	South
3	West
4	North
5	East

Explosion (0x3C)

This command is not fully understood.

Seems to be sent when an explosion occurs (both creepers and TNT).

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x3C	X	double
	Y	double
	Z	double
	Unknown	float	3.0	radius?
	Record count	int		This is the count, not the size. The size is 3 times this value.
	Records	(byte, byte, byte) × count		Each record is 3 bytes, which seem to be XYZ offsets of affected blocks.
Total Size:	33 bytes + 3*(Record count) bytes

Sound effect (0x3D)

Sent when a client is to play a sound effect.

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x3D	Effect ID	int	1003	The ID of the sound effect to play, see below.
	X	int		The X location of the effect.
	Y	byte		The Y location of the effect.
	Z	int		The Z location of the effect.
	Sound data	int	0	Extra data about RECORD_PLAY, SMOKE, and BLOCK_BREAK
Total Size:	18 bytes

Valid sound effects are:

Effect ID	Name	Notes
1000	CLICK2
1001	CLICK1
1002	BOW_FIRE
1003	DOOR_TOGGLE
1004	EXTINGUISH
1005	RECORD_PLAY	Has data (presumably record ID)
2000	SMOKE	Has data (direction, check below)
2001	BLOCK_BREAK	Has data (Block ID broken)

Smoke is a silent effect with only a visual element.

Smoke Directions

Direction ID	Direction
0	South - East
1	South
2	South - West
3	East
4	(Up or middle ?)
5	West
6	North - East
7	North
8	North - West

New/Invalid State (0x46)

This packet appeared with protocol version 10. Currently, it appears when a bed can't be used as a spawn point and when the rain state changes. it could have additional uses in the future.

Its "packet class" is ba for the client and ??? for the server (Minecraft Beta 1.5).

The class has an array of strings linked to reason codes 0, 1 and 2, but only the code for 0 is non-null.

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x46	Reason	byte	0
Total Size:	2 bytes

Reason codes

Code	Effect	Text
0	Invalid Bed	"tile.bed.notValid"
1	Begin raining	null
2	End raining	null

Lightning Bolt (0x47)

Server to Client only

With this packet, the server notifies the client of a lightning bolt striking somewhere. The coordinates specify where exactly the lightning bolt strikes.

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x47	Entity ID	int	4	The entity ID of the lightning bolt.
	Lightning Bolt?	boolean	true	Always true. This implies that this packet might have been used for spawning other entities at one point.
	X	int	133	Lightning bolt's X position as an integer.
	Y	int	913	Lightning bolt's Y position as an integer.
	Z	int	63552	Lightning bolt's Z position as an integer.
Total Size:	18 bytes

Open window (0x64)

This is sent to the client when it should open an inventory, such as a chest, workbench, or furnace. This message is not sent anywhere for clients opening their own inventory.

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x64	Window ID	byte	123	The id of the window to display.
	Inventory Type	byte	2	Check below
	Window Title	string8	Chest	The title of the window.
	Number of Slots	byte	3	Number of slots in the window (excluding the number of slots in the player inventory). Must be a multiple of 9.
Total Size:	6 bytes + length of string

The window titles sent by the Notchian server are "Chest", "Large chest", "Crafting", "Furnace", and "Trap". Notchian clients force window titles for some windows, like dispensers and furnaces, but other titles are customizable. However, the window title sent by the server is always used for chests. See inventory windows for further information.

Close window (0x65)

This packet is sent by the client when closing a window. This packet is sent from the server to the client when a window is forcibly closed, such as when a chest is destroyed while it's open.

Note, notchian clients send a close window message with window id 0 to close their inventory even though there is never an Open Window message for inventory.

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x65	Window id	byte	0	This is the id of the window that was closed. 0 for inventory.
Total Size:	2 bytes

Window click (0x66)

Client to Server only

This command is not fully understood.

This packet is sent by the player when it clicks on a slot in a window.

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x66	Window ID	byte	0	The ID of the window that was clicked. 0 for the player's inventory.
	Inventory Slot	short	36	The clicked slot. See below.
	Right-Click?	byte	1	1 when right-clicking and otherwise 0.
	Action number	short	12	A unique number for the action, used for transaction handling (See the Transaction packet).
	Shift-Click?	boolean	0	This is true if the user was holding keyboard shift when they clicked.
	Item ID	short	3	ID of Item that was in the slot or -1 if no item. If -1, this is the last field in the packet.
	Item Quantity	byte	64	Number of items that were in the slot
	Item Uses	short	10	Number of times the item was used that was in the slot
Total Size:	10 bytes (+3 for item ID != -1)

See inventory windows for further information about how slots are indexed.

When right-clicking on a stack of items, half the stack will be picked up and half left in the slot. If the stack is an odd number, the half left in the slot will be smaller of the amounts.

The Action number is actually a counter, starting at 1. This number is used by the server as a transaction ID to send back a Transaction packet.

The Item (short, optional byte,short) is a critical piece of information in this packet. The Item that is sent by the client is what is in the slot before it is clicked. The server compares that with it's notes, and accepts the transaction if items match. Note that the client seems to send valid item IDs (rather than -1) even when Item count == 0.

Set slot (0x67)

Server to Client only

This command is not fully understood.

Sent by the server when an item in a slot (in a window) is added/removed.

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x67	Window id	byte	0	The window which is being updated. 0 for player inventory. Note that all known window types include the player inventory. This packet will only be sent for the currently opened window while the player is performing actions, even if it affects the player inventory. After the window is closed, a number of these packets are sent to update the player's inventory window (0).
	Slot	short	36	The slot that should be updated
	Item ID	short	-1	When -1, this is the last value in this packet. -1 means no item.
	Item Count	byte	64	Number of items in a stack. Not sent when Item ID is -1.
	Item uses	short	3	Not sent when Item ID is -1.
Total Size:	6 bytes (+3 for item ID != -1)

Note that if window ID and slot are both -1, it means the item currently attached to the cursor.

See inventory windows for further information about how slots are indexed.

Slots: [1]

Window items (0x68)

Server to Client only

The inventory slots

Sent by the server when an item in a slot (in a window) is added/removed. This includes the main inventory, equipped armour and crafting slots.

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x68	Window id	byte	1	The id of window which items are being sent for. 0 for player inventory.
	Count	short	4	The number of items (see below)
	Payload	…		The payload (see below)
Total Size:	4 bytes + size of payload

See inventory windows for further information about how slots are indexed.

This packet is a bit trickier to parse than most others because the size of its payload is variable. The payload is an array of shorts (item ID) optionally followed by a byte-short pair (count and uses) as long as the item ID does not equal -1, which signifies an empty slot.

Uses is the number of times an item has been used (the value starts at 0 and counts up.) Note that an invalid use of an item may count as 2 uses.

 offset = 0
 
 for slot in count:
     item_id = payload[offset] as short
     offset += 2
     if item_id is not equal to -1:
         count = payload[offset] as byte
         offset += 1
         uses = payload[offset] as short
         offset += 2
         inventory[slot] = new item(item_id, count, uses)
     else:
         inventory[slot] = None

Update progress bar (0x69)

Server to Client only

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x69	Window id	byte	2	The id of the window that the progress bar is in.
	Progress bar	short	1	Which of the progress bars that should be updated. (For furnaces, 0 = progress arrow, 1 = fire icon)
	Value	short	650	The value of the progress bar. The maximum values vary depending on the progress bar. Presumably the values are specified as in-game ticks. Some progress bar values increase, while others decrease. For furnaces, 0 is empty, full progress arrow = about 180, full fire icon = about 250)
Total Size:	6 bytes

Transaction (0x6A)

A packet from the server indicating whether a request from the client was accepted, or whether there was a conflict (due to lag). This packet is also sent from the client to the server in response to a server transaction rejection packet.

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x6A	Window id	byte	0	The id of the window that the action occurred in.
	Action number	short	12	Every action that is to be accepted has a unique number. This field corresponds to that number.
	Accepted?	boolean	true	Whether the action was accepted.
Total Size:	5 bytes

Update Sign (0x82)

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x82	X	int	128	Block X Coordinate
	Y	short	0	Block Y Coordinate
	Z	int	-128	Block Z Coordinate
	Text1	string16	First line	First line of text in the sign
	Text2	string16	Second line	Second line of text in the sign
	Text3	string16	Third line	Third line of text in the sign
	Text4	string16	Fourth line	Fourth line of text in the sign
Total Size:	11 bytes + 4 strings

This message is sent from the server to the client whenever a sign is discovered or created. This message is sent from the client to the server when the "Done" button is pushed after placing a sign. This message is NOT sent when a sign is destroyed or unloaded.

Item Data (0x83)

Server to Client only

Sent to specify complex data on an item; currently used only for maps.

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0x83	Item Type	short	358	Type of item being modified
	Item ID	short	0	The ID (damage value) of the item being modified
	Text length	unsigned byte	35	Length of following byte array
	Text	byte array	{0,0,0,20,20,20,20,20}	ASCII text.
	Total Size:	6 bytes + Text length

Maps If the first byte of the text is 0, the next two bytes are X start and Y start and the rest of the bytes are the colors in that column.

If the first byte of the text is 1, the rest of the bytes are in groups of three: (data, x, y). The lower half of the data is the type (always 0 under vanilla) and the upper half is the direction.

Increment Statistic (0xC8)

• Class: nj

Packet ID	Field Name	Field Type	Example	Notes
0xC8	Statistic ID	int	1003	The ID of the statistic.
	Amount	byte	1	The amount to increment the statistic.
	Total Size:	6 bytes

Disconnect/Kick (0xFF)

Sent by the server before it disconnects a client, or by the client before it disconnects from the server. The receiver of this packet assumes that the sender has already closed the connection by the time the packet arrives.