Pre-release protocol

This page documents the changes from the last stable Minecraft release (currently 1.13.2, protocol 404) to the current pre-release (currently 18w50a, protocol 451). Note that this page contains bleeding-edge information that may not be completely or correctly documented.

One who wishes to commandeer the merging of this into Protocol when an update is made must be sure to respect any changes that may have occurred to the respective packets there.

Contents

Data types

Position

64-bit value split in to three parts

• x: 26 MSBs
• z: 26 LSBs middle bits
• y: 12 bits between them LSBs

Encoded as followed:

((x & 0x3FFFFFF) << 38) | ((y & 0xFFF) << 26) | (z & 0x3FFFFFF) ((z & 0x3FFFFFF) << 12) | (y & 0xFFF)

And decoded as:

val = read_unsigned_long();
x = val >> 38;
y = (val >> 26) & 0xFFF val & 0xFFF;
z = val << 38 >> 38 (val << 38 >> 38) >> 12;

Note: The details of bit shifting are rather language dependent; the above may work in Java but probably won't in other languages without some tweaking. In particular, you will usually receive positive numbers even if the actual coordinates are negative. This can be fixed by adding something like the following:

if x >= 2^25 { x -= 2^26 }
if y >= 2^11 { y -= 2^12 }
if z >= 2^25 { z -= 2^26 }

Packets

ID	Packet name	Documentation
Handshaking serverbound
0x00	Handshake	Current	Pre
Play clientbound
0x09	Update Block Entity	Current	Pre
0x22	Chunk Data	Current	Pre
0x2C	Open Book		Pre
0x2C 0x2D	Open Sign Editor	Current	(unchanged)
0x2D 0x2E	Craft Recipe Response	Current	(unchanged)
0x2E 0x2F	Player Abilities (clientbound)	Current	(unchanged)
0x2F 0x30	Combat Event	Current	(unchanged)
0x30 0x31	Player List Item	Current	(unchanged)
0x31 0x32	Face Player	Current	(unchanged)
0x32 0x33	Player Position And Look (clientbound)	Current	(unchanged)
0x33 0x34	Use Bed	Current	(unchanged)
0x34 0x35	Unlock Recipes	Current	(unchanged)
0x35 0x36	Destroy Entities	Current	(unchanged)
0x36 0x37	Remove Entity Effect	Current	(unchanged)
0x37 0x38	Resource Pack Send	Current	(unchanged)
0x38 0x39	Respawn	Current	(unchanged)
0x39 0x3A	Entity Head Look	Current	(unchanged)
0x3A 0x3B	Select Advancement Tab	Current	(unchanged)
0x3B 0x3C	World Border	Current	(unchanged)
0x3C 0x3D	Camera	Current	(unchanged)
0x3D 0x3E	Held Item Change (clientbound)	Current	(unchanged)
0x3E 0x3F	Display Scoreboard	Current	(unchanged)
0x3F 0x40	Entity Metadata	Current	(unchanged)
0x40 0x41	Attach Entity	Current	(unchanged)
0x41 0x42	Entity Velocity	Current	(unchanged)
0x42 0x43	Entity Equipment	Current	(unchanged)
0x43 0x44	Set Experience	Current	(unchanged)
0x44 0x45	Update Health	Current	(unchanged)
0x45 0x46	Scoreboard Objective	Current	(unchanged)
0x46 0x47	Set Passengers	Current	(unchanged)
0x47 0x48	Teams	Current	(unchanged)
0x48 0x49	Update Score	Current	(unchanged)
0x49 0x4A	Spawn Position	Current	(unchanged)
0x4A 0x4B	Time Update	Current	(unchanged)
0x4B 0x4C	Title	Current	(unchanged)
0x4C 0x4D	Stop Sound	Current	(unchanged)
0x4D 0x4E	Sound Effect	Current	(unchanged)
0x4F	Entity Sound Effect		Pre
0x4E 0x50	Player List Header And Footer	Current	(unchanged)
0x4F 0x51	Collect Item	Current	(unchanged)
0x50 0x52	Entity Teleport	Current	(unchanged)
0x51 0x53	Advancements	Current	(unchanged)
0x52 0x54	Entity Properties	Current	(unchanged)
0x53 0x55	Entity Effect	Current	(unchanged)
0x54 0x56	Declare Recipes	Current	(unchanged)
0x55 0x57	Tags	Current	Pre
0x58	Update Light		Pre
Play serverbound
0x1B	Recipe Book Data	Current	Pre

New/modified data types

No changes so far.

Entity Metadata

Entity Metadata Format

Note that entity metadata is a totally distinct concept from block metadata. It is not required to send all metadata fields, or even any metadata fields, so long as the terminating entry is correctly sent.

Entity Metadata is an array of entries, each of which looks like the following:

Name	Type	Meaning
Index	Unsigned Byte	Unique index key determining the meaning of the following value, see the table below. If this is 0xff then the it is the end of the Entity Metadata array and no more is read.
Type	Optional VarInt Enum	Only if Index is not 0xff; the type of the index, see the table below
Value	Optional value of Type	Only if Index is not 0xff: the value of the metadata field

Value of Type field	Type of Value field	Notes
0	Byte
1	VarInt
2	Float
3	String
4	Chat
5	OptChat (Boolean + Optional Chat)	Chat is present if the Boolean is set to true
6	Slot
7	Boolean
8	Rotation	3 floats: rotation on x, rotation on y, rotation on z
9	Position
10	OptPosition (Boolean + Optional Position)	Position is present if the Boolean is set to true
11	Direction (VarInt)	(Down = 0, Up = 1, North = 2, South = 3, West = 4, East = 5)
12	OptUUID (Boolean + Optional UUID)	UUID is present if the Boolean is set to true
13	OptBlockID (VarInt)	0 for absent otherwise, id << 4 | data
14	NBT
15	Particle
16	Villager Data	3 VarInts

Mobs

Entity IDs have shifted with the addition of some new mobs.

Itemed Throwable

Extends Throwable.

Used for all things that previously extended throwable other than potions, which already had an item.

Index	Type	Meaning		Default
6	Slot	Item		empty (which behaves as if it were a specific item, depending on the subclass)

Egg

Extends Throwable.

No additional metadata.

An empty item behaves as if the item were a minecraft:egg.

Ender Pearl

Extends Throwable.

No additional metadata.

An empty item behaves as if the item were a minecraft:ender_pearl.

Experience Bottle

Extends Throwable.

No additional metadata.

minecraft:experience_bottle

Snowball

Extends Throwable.

No additional metadata.

minecraft:snowball

Eye of Ender

Extends Entity.

Index	Type	Meaning		Default
6	Slot	Item		empty (which behaves as if it were a minecraft:ender_eye)

Arrow

Extends Entity.

Abstract base class for TippedArrow (which is used for regular arrows as well as tipped ones) and Spectral Arrow.

Index	Type	Meaning		Default
6	Byte	Bit mask	Meaning	0
		0x01	Is critical
		0x02	Is noclip (used by loyalty tridents when returning)
7	OptUUID	Shooter UUID		Empty
8	Byte	Piercing level		0

TippedArrow

Extends Arrow.

Used for both tipped and regular arrows. If not tipped, then color is set to -1 and no tipped arrow particles are used.

Index	Type	Meaning		Default
8 9	VarInt	Color (-1 for no particles)		-1

Trident

Extends Arrow.

Index	Type	Meaning		Default
8 9	VarInt	Loyalty level (enchantment)		0

Itemed Fireball

Extends Entity.

Used for regular and small fireballs. Not used for dragon fireballs and wither skulls. Interestingly, regular fireballs do not come from an item.

Index	Type	Meaning		Default
6	Slot	Item		empty (which behaves as if it were a minecraft:fire_charge)

Fireball

Extends Abstract Fireball Itemed Fireball. This is the large fireball shot by ghasts.

No additional metadata.

Small Fireball

Extends Abstract Fireball Itemed Fireball. This is the fireball shot by blazes and dispensers with fire charges.

No additional metadata.

Fireworks

Extends Entity.

Index	Type	Meaning		Default
6	Slot	Firework info		empty
7	VarInt OptUUID	Entity ID UUID of entity which used firework (for elytra boosting)		0
8	Boolean	Shot at angle (from a crossbow)		false

Illager Beast

Extends Monster

No additional metadata.

Status	Description
4	Starts the attack animation.
39	Starts the stun animation.

Panda

Extends Animal.

Index	Type	Meaning		Default
13	Integer	Breed timer? Set to 32 when something happens, and then counts down to 0 again. At 29 and 14 (before counting down), will play the entity.panda.cant_breed sound event.		0
14	Integer	Sneeze timer. Counts up from 0; when it hits 1 the entity.panda.pre_sneeze event plays and when it hits 21 the entity.panda.sneeze event plays (and it is set back to 0 and the sneeze flag is cleared).		0
15	Integer	Eat timer. If nonzero, counts upwards.		0
16	Byte	Main Gene		0
17	Byte	Hidden Gene		0
18	Byte	Bit mask	Meaning	0
		0x01	Unused
		0x02	Is sneezing
		0x04	Is eating
		0x08	Unknown
		0x10	Unknown

Pillager

Extends Abstract Illlager.

Index	Type	Meaning		Default
13	Boolean	Using crossbow		false

Ocelot

Extends TameableAnimal Ageable.

Index	Type	Meaning		Default
15	VarInt	Type (0 = untamed, 1 = tuxedo, 2 = tabby, 3 = siamese). Used to render regardless as to whether it is tamed or not.		0
13	Boolean	Is trusting		false

Status	Description
40	Spawn smoke particles (trust gaining failed)
41	Spawn heart particles (trust gaining succeeded)

Cat

Extends TameableAnimal.

Index	Type	Meaning		Default
15	VarInt	Type (0 = tabby, 1 = black, 2 = red, 3 = siamese, 4 = british_shorthair, 5 = calico, 6 = persian, 7 = ragdoll, 8 = white, 9 = all_black)		1
16	Boolean	Unknown		false
17	Boolean	Unknown		false
18	VarInt	Collar color (values are those used with dyes)		14 (Red)

Villager

Extends Ageable.

Index	Type	Meaning		Default
13	VarInt Villager Data	Profession? (Farmer = 0, Librarian = 1, Priest = 2, Blacksmith = 3, Butcher = 4, Nitwit = 5)		0

Zombie Villager

Extends Zombie.

Index	Type	Meaning		Default
16	Boolean	Is converting		false
17	VarInt Villager Data	Profession?		0

Block Actions

No changes so far.

Plugin Channels

minecraft:book_open

Server to client

When a player right clicks with a signed book. This tells the client to open the book GUI.

The payload is a VarInt enum for the selected hand: 0 for the main hand, 1 for the offhand.

Replaced with Open Book packet.

Play

Clientbound

Update Block Entity

Sets the block entity associated with the block at the given location.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x09	Play	Client	Location	Position
			Action	Unsigned Byte	The type of update to perform, see below
			NBT Data	NBT Tag	Data to set. May be a TAG_END (0), in which case the block entity at the given location is removed (though this is not required since the client will remove the block entity automatically on chunk unload or block removal)

Action field:

• 1: Set data of a mob spawner (everything except for SpawnPotentials: current delay, min/max delay, mob to be spawned, spawn count, spawn range, etc.)
• 2: Set command block text (command and last execution status)
• 3: Set the level, primary, and secondary powers of a beacon
• 4: Set rotation and skin of mob head
• 5: Declare a conduit
• 6: Set base color and patterns on a banner
• 7: Set the data for a Structure tile entity
• 8: Set the destination for a end gateway
• 9: Set the text on a sign
• 10: Declare a shulker box, no data appears to be sent and the client seems to do fine without this packet. Perhaps it is a leftover from earlier versions?
• 11: Declare a bed
• 12: Set data of a jigsaw block

Chunk Data

Main article: Chunk Format

See also: #Unload Chunk

The server only sends skylight information for chunk pillars in the Overworld, it's up to the client to know in which dimenison the player is currently located. You can also infer this information from the primary bitmask and the amount of uncompressed bytes sent. This packet also sends all block entities in the chunk (though sending them is not required; it is still legal to send them with Update Block Entity later).

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x22	Play	Client	Chunk X	Int	Chunk coordinate (block coordinate divided by 16, rounded down)
			Chunk Z	Int	Chunk coordinate (block coordinate divided by 16, rounded down)
			Ground-Up Continuous	Boolean	See Chunk Format
			Primary Bit Mask	VarInt	Bitmask with bits set to 1 for every 16×16×16 chunk section whose data is included in Data. The least significant bit represents the chunk section at the bottom of the chunk column (from y=0 to y=15).
			Heightmaps	NBT	Compound containing one long array named MOTION_BLOCKING, which is a heightmap for the highest solid block at each position in the chunk (as a compacted long array with 256 entries at 9 bits per entry).
			Size	VarInt	Size of Data in bytes
			Data	Byte array	See data structure in Chunk Format
			Number of block entities	VarInt	Number of elements in the following array
			Block entities	Array of NBT	All block entities in the chunk. Use the x, y, and z tags in the NBT to determine their positions.

Data structure

The data section of the packet contains most of the useful data for the chunk.

Field Name	Field Type	Notes
Data	Array of Chunk Section	The number of elements in the array is equal to the number of bits set in Primary Bit Mask. Sections are sent bottom-to-top, i.e. the first section, if sent, extends from Y=0 to Y=15.
Biomes	Optional Int Array	Only sent if Ground-Up Continuous is true; 256 entries if present

Chunk Section structure

A Chunk Section is defined in terms of other data types. A Chunk Section consists of the following fields:

Field Name	Field Type	Notes
Block count	Short	Number of non-air blocks present in the chunk section, for lighting purposes. "Non-air" is defined as any block other than air, cave air, and void air (in particular, note that fluids such as water are still counted).
Bits Per Block	Unsigned Byte	Determines how many bits are used to encode a block. Note that not all numbers are valid here.
Palette	Varies	See below for the format.
Data Array Length	VarInt	Number of longs in the following array
Data Array	Array of Long	Compacted list of 4096 indices pointing to state IDs in the Palette
Block Light	Byte Array	Half byte per block
Sky Light	Optional Byte Array	Only if in the Overworld; half byte per block

Data Array, Block Light, and Sky Light are is given for each block with increasing x coordinates, within rows of increasing z coordinates, within layers of increasing y coordinates. For the half-byte light arrays, even-indexed items (those with an even x coordinate, starting at 0) are packed into the low bits, odd-indexed into the high bits.

Open Book

Sent when a player right clicks with a signed book. This tells the client to open the book GUI.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x2C	Play	Client	Hand	VarInt enum	0: Main hand, 1: Off hand

Entity Sound Effect

Plays a sound effect from an entity.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x4F	Play	Client	Sound ID	VarInt	ID of hardcoded sound event (events as of 18w48a)
			Sound Category	VarInt Enum	The category that this sound will be played from (current categories)
			Entity ID	VarInt
			Volume	Float	1.0 is 100%, capped between 0.0 and 1.0 by Notchian clients
			Pitch	Float	Float between 0.5 and 2.0 by Notchian clients

Tags

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x55 0x57	Play	Client	Block Tags	(See below)	IDs are block IDs
			Item Tags	(See below)	IDs are item IDs
			Fluid Tags	(See below)	IDs are fluid IDs
			Entity Tags	(See below)	IDs are entity type IDs

Update Light

Updates light levels for a chunk.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x58	Play	Client	Chunk X	VarInt	Chunk coordinate (block coordinate divided by 16, rounded down)
			Chunk Z	VarInt	Chunk coordinate (block coordinate divided by 16, rounded down)
			Sky Light Mask	VarInt	Mask containing 18 bits, with the lowest bit corresponding to chunk section -1 (in the void, y=-16 to y=-1) and the highest bit for chunk section 16 (above the world, y=256 to y=271)
			Block Light Mask	VarInt	Mask containing 18 bits, with the same order as sky light
			Empty Sky Light Mask	VarInt	Mask containing 18 bits, which indicates sections that have 0 for all their sky light values. If a section is set in both this mask and the main sky light mask, it is ignored for this mask and it is included in the sky light arrays (the notchian server does not create such masks). If it is only set in this mask, it is not included in the sky light arrays.
			Empty Block Light Mask	VarInt	Mask containing 18 bits, which indicates sections that have 0 for all their block light values. If a section is set in both this mask and the main block light mask, it is ignored for this mask and it is included in the block light arrays (the notchian server does not create such masks). If it is only set in this mask, it is not included in the block light arrays.
			Sky Light arrays	Array of arrays of 2048 bytes	There is 1 array for each bit set to true in the sky light mask, starting with the lowest value. Half a byte per light value.
			Block Light arrays	Array of arrays of 2048 bytes	There is 1 array for each bit set to true in the block light mask, starting with the lowest value. Half a byte per light value.

Individual block or sky light arrays are is given for each block with increasing x coordinates, within rows of increasing z coordinates, within layers of increasing y coordinates. Even-indexed items (those with an even x coordinate, starting at 0) are packed into the low bits, odd-indexed into the high bits.

Serverbound

Recipe Book Data

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name		Field Type	Notes
0x1B	Play	Server	Type		VarInt	Determines the format of the rest of the packet
			Type	Field Name
			0: Displayed Recipe	Recipe ID	Identifier	A recipe ID
			1: Recipe Book States	Crafting Recipe Book Open	Boolean	Whether the player has the crafting recipe book currently opened/active.
				Crafting Recipe Filter Active	Boolean	Whether the player has the crafting recipe book filter option currently active.
				Smelting Recipe Book Open	Boolean	Whether the player has the smelting recipe book currently opened/active.
				Smelting Recipe Filter Active	Boolean	Whether the player has the smelting recipe book filter option currently active.
				Unknown 1	Boolean	(may actually be above and some of the other things have shifted)
				Unknown 2	Boolean	(may actually be above and some of the other things have shifted)
				Unknown 3	Boolean	(may actually be above and some of the other things have shifted)
				Unknown 4	Boolean	(may actually be above and some of the other things have shifted)

The Recipe Book Status type is sent when one of the states changes.

Handshaking

Clientbound

There are no clientbound packets in the Handshaking state, since the protocol immediately switches to a different state after the client sends the first packet.

Serverbound

Handshake

This causes the server to switch into the target state.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x00	Handshaking	Server	Protocol Version	VarInt	See protocol version numbers (currently 404 451)
			Server Address	String	Hostname or IP, e.g. localhost or 127.0.0.1, that was used to connect. The Notchian server does not use this information.
			Server Port	Unsigned Short	Default is 25565. The Notchian server does not use this information.
			Next State	VarInt Enum	1 for status, 2 for login

Status

Clientbound

No changes so far.

Serverbound

No changes so far.

Login

Clientbound

No changes so far.

Serverbound

No changes so far.