Protocol

Heads up! This article is about the protocol for the latest stable release of Minecraft computer edition. For the computer edition pre-releases, see Pre-release protocol. For Pocket Edition, see Pocket Edition Protocol Documentation.

This page presents a dissection of the current Minecraft protocol.

If you're having trouble, check out the FAQ or ask for help in the IRC channel (#mcdevs on chat.freenode.net).

Note: While you may use the contents of this page without restriction to create servers, clients, bots, etc… you still need to provide attribution to #mcdevs if you copy any of the contents of this page for publication elsewhere.

The changes between versions may be viewed at Protocol History.

Definitions

The Minecraft server accepts connections from TCP clients and communicates with them using packets. A packet is a sequence of bytes sent over the TCP connection. The meaning of a packet depends both on its packet ID and the current state of the connection. The initial state of each connection is Handshaking, and state is switched using the packets Handshake (Handshaking, 0x00, serverbound) and Login Success (Login, 0x02, clientbound).

Data types

All data sent over the network (except for VarInt and VarLong) is big-endian, that is the bytes are sent from most significant byte to least significant byte. The majority of everyday computers are little-endian, therefore it may be necessary to change the endianness before sending data over the network.

Name	Size (bytes)	Encodes	Notes
Boolean	1	Either false or true	True is encoded as 0x01, false as 0x00.
Byte	1	An integer between -128 and 127	Signed 8-bit integer, two's complement
Unsigned Byte	1	An integer between 0 and 255	Unsigned 8-bit integer
Short	2	An integer between -32768 and 32767	Signed 16-bit integer, two's complement
Unsigned Short	2	An integer between 0 and 65535	Unsigned 16-bit integer
Int	4	An integer between -2147483648 and 2147483647	Signed 32-bit integer, two's complement
Long	8	An integer between -9223372036854775808 and 9223372036854775807	Signed 64-bit integer, two's complement
Float	4	A single-precision 32-bit IEEE 754 floating point number
Double	8	A double-precision 64-bit IEEE 754 floating point number
String (n)	≥ 1 ≤ (n×3) + 3	A sequence of Unicode scalar values	UTF-8 string prefixed with its size in bytes as a VarInt. Maximum length of n characters, which varies by context. The encoding used on the wire is regular UTF-8, not Java's "slight modification". However, the length of the string for purposes of the length limit is its number of UTF-16 code units, that is, scalar values > U+FFFF are counted as two. Up to n × 3 bytes can be used to encode a UTF-8 string comprising n code units when converted to UTF-16, and both of those limits are checked. Maximum n value is 32767. The + 3 is due to the max size of a valid length VarInt.
Text Component	Varies	See Text formatting#Text components	Encoded as a NBT Tag, with the type of tag used depending on the case: As a String Tag: For components only containing text (no styling, no events etc.). As a Compound Tag: Every other case.
JSON Text Component	≥ 1 ≤ (262144×3) + 3	See Text formatting#Text components	The maximum permitted length when decoding is 262144, but the Notchian server since 1.20.3 refuses to encode longer than 32767. This may be a bug.
Identifier	≥ 1 ≤ (32767×3) + 3	See Identifier below	Encoded as a String with max length of 32767.
VarInt	≥ 1 ≤ 5	An integer between -2147483648 and 2147483647	Variable-length data encoding a two's complement signed 32-bit integer; more info in their section
VarLong	≥ 1 ≤ 10	An integer between -9223372036854775808 and 9223372036854775807	Variable-length data encoding a two's complement signed 64-bit integer; more info in their section
Entity Metadata	Varies	Miscellaneous information about an entity	See Entity_metadata#Entity Metadata Format
Slot	Varies	An item stack in an inventory or container	See Slot Data
NBT	Varies	Depends on context	See NBT
Position	8	An integer/block position: x (-33554432 to 33554431), z (-33554432 to 33554431), y (-2048 to 2047)	x as a 26-bit integer, followed by z as a 26-bit integer, followed by y as a 12-bit integer (all signed, two's complement). See also the section below.
Angle	1	A rotation angle in steps of 1/256 of a full turn	Whether or not this is signed does not matter, since the resulting angles are the same.
UUID	16	A UUID	Encoded as an unsigned 128-bit integer (or two unsigned 64-bit integers: the most significant 64 bits and then the least significant 64 bits)
BitSet	Varies	See #BitSet below	A length-prefixed bit set.
Fixed BitSet (n)	ceil(n / 8)	See #Fixed BitSet below	A bit set with a fixed length of n bits.
Optional X	0 or size of X	A field of type X, or nothing	Whether or not the field is present must be known from the context.
Array of X	count times size of X	Zero or more fields of type X	The count must be known from the context.
X Enum	size of X	A specific value from a given list	The list of possible values and how each is encoded as an X must be known from the context. An invalid value sent by either side will usually result in the client being disconnected with an error or even crashing.
Byte Array	Varies	Depends on context	This is just a sequence of zero or more bytes, its meaning should be explained somewhere else, e.g. in the packet description. The length must also be known from the context.
ID or X	size of VarInt + (size of X or 0)	See #ID or X below	Either a registry ID or an inline data definition of type X.
ID Set	Varies	See #ID Set below	Set of registry IDs specified either inline or as a reference to a tag.
Sound Event	Varies	See #Sound Event below	Parameters for a sound event.

Identifier

Identifiers are a namespaced location, in the form of minecraft:thing. If the namespace is not provided, it defaults to minecraft (i.e. thing is minecraft:thing). Custom content should always be in its own namespace, not the default one. Both the namespace and value can use all lowercase alphanumeric characters (a-z and 0-9), dot (.), dash (-), and underscore (_). In addition, values can use slash (/). The naming convention is lower_case_with_underscores. More information. For ease of determining whether a namespace or value is valid, here are regular expressions for each:

• Namespace: [a-z0-9.-_]
• Value: [a-z0-9.-_/]

VarInt and VarLong

Variable-length format such that smaller numbers use fewer bytes. These are very similar to Protocol Buffer Varints: the 7 least significant bits are used to encode the value and the most significant bit indicates whether there's another byte after it for the next part of the number. The least significant group is written first, followed by each of the more significant groups; thus, VarInts are effectively little endian (however, groups are 7 bits, not 8).

VarInts are never longer than 5 bytes, and VarLongs are never longer than 10 bytes. Within these limits, unnecessarily long encodings (e.g. 81 00 to encode 1) are allowed.

Pseudocode to read and write VarInts and VarLongs:

private static final int SEGMENT_BITS = 0x7F;
private static final int CONTINUE_BIT = 0x80;

public int readVarInt() {
    int value = 0;
    int position = 0;
    byte currentByte;

    while (true) {
        currentByte = readByte();
        value |= (currentByte & SEGMENT_BITS) << position;

        if ((currentByte & CONTINUE_BIT) == 0) break;

        position += 7;

        if (position >= 32) throw new RuntimeException("VarInt is too big");
    }

    return value;
}

public long readVarLong() {
    long value = 0;
    int position = 0;
    byte currentByte;

    while (true) {
        currentByte = readByte();
        value |= (long) (currentByte & SEGMENT_BITS) << position;

        if ((currentByte & CONTINUE_BIT) == 0) break;

        position += 7;

        if (position >= 64) throw new RuntimeException("VarLong is too big");
    }

    return value;
}

public void writeVarInt(int value) {
    while (true) {
        if ((value & ~SEGMENT_BITS) == 0) {
            writeByte(value);
            return;
        }

        writeByte((value & SEGMENT_BITS) | CONTINUE_BIT);

        // Note: >>> means that the sign bit is shifted with the rest of the number rather than being left alone
        value >>>= 7;
    }
}

public void writeVarLong(long value) {
    while (true) {
        if ((value & ~((long) SEGMENT_BITS)) == 0) {
            writeByte(value);
            return;
        }

        writeByte((value & SEGMENT_BITS) | CONTINUE_BIT);

        // Note: >>> means that the sign bit is shifted with the rest of the number rather than being left alone
        value >>>= 7;
    }
}

Note Minecraft's VarInts are identical to LEB128 with the slight change of throwing a exception if it goes over a set amount of bytes.

Note that Minecraft's VarInts are not encoded using Protocol Buffers; it's just similar. If you try to use Protocol Buffers Varints with Minecraft's VarInts, you'll get incorrect results in some cases. The major differences:

• Minecraft's VarInts are all signed, but do not use the ZigZag encoding. Protocol buffers have 3 types of Varints: uint32 (normal encoding, unsigned), sint32 (ZigZag encoding, signed), and int32 (normal encoding, signed). Minecraft's are the int32 variety. Because Minecraft uses the normal encoding instead of ZigZag encoding, negative values always use the maximum number of bytes.
• Minecraft's VarInts are never longer than 5 bytes and its VarLongs will never be longer than 10 bytes, while Protocol Buffer Varints will always use 10 bytes when encoding negative numbers, even if it's an int32.

Sample VarInts:

Value	Hex bytes	Decimal bytes
0	0x00	0
1	0x01	1
2	0x02	2
127	0x7f	127
128	0x80 0x01	128 1
255	0xff 0x01	255 1
25565	0xdd 0xc7 0x01	221 199 1
2097151	0xff 0xff 0x7f	255 255 127
2147483647	0xff 0xff 0xff 0xff 0x07	255 255 255 255 7
-1	0xff 0xff 0xff 0xff 0x0f	255 255 255 255 15
-2147483648	0x80 0x80 0x80 0x80 0x08	128 128 128 128 8

Sample VarLongs:

Value	Hex bytes	Decimal bytes
0	0x00	0
1	0x01	1
2	0x02	2
127	0x7f	127
128	0x80 0x01	128 1
255	0xff 0x01	255 1
2147483647	0xff 0xff 0xff 0xff 0x07	255 255 255 255 7
9223372036854775807	0xff 0xff 0xff 0xff 0xff 0xff 0xff 0xff 0x7f	255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 127
-1	0xff 0xff 0xff 0xff 0xff 0xff 0xff 0xff 0xff 0x01	255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 1
-2147483648	0x80 0x80 0x80 0x80 0xf8 0xff 0xff 0xff 0xff 0x01	128 128 128 128 248 255 255 255 255 1
-9223372036854775808	0x80 0x80 0x80 0x80 0x80 0x80 0x80 0x80 0x80 0x01	128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 1

Position

Note: What you are seeing here is the latest version of the Data types article, but the position type was different before 1.14.

64-bit value split into three signed integer parts:

• x: 26 MSBs
• z: 26 middle bits
• y: 12 LSBs

For example, a 64-bit position can be broken down as follows:

Example value (big endian): 01000110000001110110001100 10110000010101101101001000 001100111111

• The red value is the X coordinate, which is 18357644 in this example.
  
• The blue value is the Z coordinate, which is -20882616 in this example.
  
• The green value is the Y coordinate, which is 831 in this example.
  

Encoded as follows:

((x & 0x3FFFFFF) << 38) | ((z & 0x3FFFFFF) << 12) | (y & 0xFFF)

And decoded as:

val = read_long();
x = val >> 38;
y = val << 52 >> 52;
z = val << 26 >> 38;

Note: The above assumes that the right shift operator sign extends the value (this is called an arithmetic shift), so that the signedness of the coordinates is preserved. In many languages, this requires the integer type of val to be signed. In the absence of such an operator, the following may be useful:

if x >= 1 << 25 { x -= 1 << 26 }
if y >= 1 << 11 { y -= 1 << 12 }
if z >= 1 << 25 { z -= 1 << 26 }

Fixed-point numbers

Some fields may be stored as fixed-point numbers, where a certain number of bits represent the signed integer part (number to the left of the decimal point) and the rest represent the fractional part (to the right). Floating point numbers (float and double), in contrast, keep the number itself (mantissa) in one chunk, while the location of the decimal point (exponent) is stored beside it. Essentially, while fixed-point numbers have lower range than floating point numbers, their fractional precision is greater for higher values.

Prior to version 1.9 a fixed-point format with 5 fraction bits and 27 integer bits was used to send entity positions to the client. Some uses of fixed point remain in modern versions, but they differ from that format.

Most programming languages lack support for fractional integers directly, but you can represent them as integers. The following C or Java-like pseudocode converts a double to a fixed-point integer with n fraction bits:

 x_fixed = (int)(x_double * (1 << n));

And back again:

 x_double = (double)x_fixed / (1 << n);

Bit sets

The types BitSet and Fixed BitSet represent packed lists of bits. The Notchian implementation uses Java's BitSet class.

BitSet

Bit sets of type BitSet are prefixed by their length in longs.

Field Name	Field Type	Meaning
Length	VarInt	Number of longs in the following array. May be 0 (if no bits are set).
Data	Array of Long	A packed representation of the bit set as created by BitSet.toLongArray.

The ith bit is set when (Data[i / 64] & (1 << (i % 64))) != 0, where i starts at 0.

Fixed BitSet

Bit sets of type Fixed BitSet (n) have a fixed length of n bits, encoded as ceil(n / 8) bytes. Note that this is different from BitSet, which uses longs.

Field Name	Field Type	Meaning
Data	Byte Array (n)	A packed representation of the bit set as created by BitSet.toByteArray, padded with zeroes at the end to fit the specified length.

The ith bit is set when (Data[i / 8] & (1 << (i % 8))) != 0, where i starts at 0. This encoding is not equivalent to the long array in BitSet.

Registry references

ID or X

Represents a data record of type X, either inline, or by reference to a registry implied by context.

Field Name	Field Type	Meaning
ID	VarInt	0 if value of type X is given inline; otherwise registry ID + 1.
Value	Optional X	Only present if ID is 0.

ID Set

Represents a set of IDs in a certain registry (implied by context), either directly (enumerated IDs) or indirectly (tag name).

Field Name	Field Type	Meaning
Type	VarInt	Value used to determine the data that follows. It can be either: 0 - Represents a named set of IDs defined by a tag. Anything else - Represents an ad-hoc set of IDs enumerated inline.
Tag Name	Optional Identifier	The registry tag defining the ID set. Only present if Type is 0.
IDs	Optional Array of VarInt	An array of registry IDs. Only present if Type is not 0. The size of the array is equal to Type - 1.

Registry data

These types are commonly used in conjuction with ID or X to specify custom data inline.

Sound Event

Describes a sound that can be played.

Name	Type	Description
Sound Name	Identifier
Has Fixed Range	Boolean	Whether this sound has a fixed range, as opposed to a variable volume based on distance.
Fixed Range	Optional Float	The maximum range of the sound. Only present if Has Fixed Range is true.

Other definitions

Term	Definition
Player	When used in the singular, Player always refers to the client connected to the server.
Entity	Entity refers to any item, player, mob, minecart or boat etc. See the Minecraft Wiki article for a full list.
EID	An EID — or Entity ID — is a 4-byte sequence used to identify a specific entity. An entity's EID is unique on the entire server.
XYZ	In this document, the axis names are the same as those shown in the debug screen (F3). Y points upwards, X points east, and Z points south.
Meter	The meter is Minecraft's base unit of length, equal to the length of a vertex of a solid block. The term “block” may be used to mean “meter” or “cubic meter”.
Global palette	A table/dictionary/palette mapping nonnegative integers to block states. The block state IDs can be constructed from this table by multiplying what the Minecraft Wiki calls “block IDs” by 16 and adding the metadata/damage value (or in most programming languages block_id << 4 | metadata).
Notchian	The official implementation of vanilla Minecraft as developed and released by Mojang.

Packet format

Without compression

Field Name	Field Type	Notes
Length	VarInt	Length of packet data + length of the packet ID
Packet ID	VarInt
Data	Byte Array	Depends on the connection state and packet ID, see the sections below

With compression

Once a Set Compression packet is sent, zlib compression is enabled for all following packets. The format of a packet changes slighty to include the size of the uncompressed packet.

Compressed?	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
No	Packet Length	VarInt	Length of Data Length + compressed length of (Packet ID + Data)
No	Data Length	VarInt	Length of uncompressed (Packet ID + Data) or 0
Yes	Packet ID	Varint	zlib compressed packet ID (see the sections below)
	Data	Byte Array	zlib compressed packet data (see the sections below)

The length given by the Packet Length field is the number of bytes that remain in that packet, including the Data Length field.

If Data Length is set to zero, then the packet is uncompressed; otherwise it is the size of the uncompressed packet.

If compressed, the uncompressed length of (Packet ID + Data) must be equal to or over the threshold set in the packet Set Compression (Login, 0x03, clientbound), otherwise the receiving party will disconnect.

Compression can be disabled by sending the packet Set Compression (Login, 0x03, clientbound) with a Threshold of -1.

Handshaking

Clientbound

There are no clientbound packets in the Handshaking state, since the protocol immediately switches to a different state after the client sends the first packet.

Serverbound

Handshake

This causes the server to switch into the target state.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x00	Handshaking	Server	Protocol Version	VarInt	See protocol version numbers (currently 210)
			Server Address	String	Hostname or IP, e.g. localhost or 127.0.0.1, that was used to connect. The Notchian server does not use this information.
			Server Port	Unsigned Short	Default is 25565. The Notchian server does not use this information.
			Next State	VarInt Enum	1 for status, 2 for login

Legacy Server List Ping

This packet uses a nonstandard format. It is never length-prefixed, and the packet ID is an Unsigned Byte instead of a VarInt.

While not technically part of the current protocol, legacy clients may send this packet to initiate Server List Ping, and modern servers should handle it correctly.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0xFE	Handshaking	Server	Payload	Unsigned Byte	always 1 (0x01)

See Server List Ping#1.6 for the details of the protocol that follows this packet.

Play

Clientbound

Spawn Object

Sent by the server when a vehicle or other object is created.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x00	Play	Client	Entity ID	VarInt	EID of the object
			Object UUID	UUID
			Type	Byte	The type of object (see Entities#Objects)
			X	Double
			Y	Double
			Z	Double
			Pitch	Angle
			Yaw	Angle
			Data	Int	Meaning dependent on the value of the Type field, see Object Data for details.
			Velocity X	Short	Same units as Entity Velocity.
			Velocity Y	Short	Same units as Entity Velocity.
			Velocity Z	Short	Same units as Entity Velocity.

Spawn Experience Orb

Spawns one or more experience orbs.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x01	Play	Client	Entity ID	VarInt
			X	Double
			Y	Double
			Z	Double
			Count	Short	The amount of experience this orb will reward once collected

Spawn Global Entity

With this packet, the server notifies the client of thunderbolts striking within a 512 block radius around the player. The coordinates specify where exactly the thunderbolt strikes.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x02	Play	Client	Entity ID	VarInt	The EID of the thunderbolt
			Type	Byte Enum	The global entity type, currently always 1 for thunderbolt
			X	Double
			Y	Double
			Z	Double

Spawn Mob

Sent by the server when a mob entity is spawned.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x03	Play	Client	Entity ID	VarInt
			Entity UUID	UUID
			Type	Unsigned Byte	The type of mob. See Entities#Mobs
			X	Double
			Y	Double
			Z	Double
			Yaw	Angle
			Pitch	Angle
			Head Pitch	Angle
			Velocity X	Short	Same units as Entity Velocity
			Velocity Y	Short	Same units as Entity Velocity
			Velocity Z	Short	Same units as Entity Velocity
			Metadata	Entity Metadata

Spawn Painting

This packet shows location, name, and type of painting.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x04	Play	Client	Entity ID	VarInt
			Entity UUID	UUID
			Title	String	Name of the painting. Max length 13
			Location	Position	Center coordinates (see below)
			Direction	Byte Enum	Direction the painting faces (North = 2, South = 0, West = 1, East = 3)

Calculating the center of an image: given a (width × height) grid of cells, with (0, 0) being the top left corner, the center is (max(0, width / 2 - 1), height / 2). E.g. (1, 0) for a 2×1 painting, or (1, 2) for a 4×4 painting.

Spawn Player

This packet is sent by the server when a player comes into visible range, not when a player joins.

This packet must be sent after the Player List Item (Play, 0x38, clientbound) packet that adds the player data for the client to use when spawning a player. If the Player List Item for the player spawned by this packet is not present when this packet arrives, Notchian clients will not spawn the player entity. The Player List Item packet includes skin/cape data.

Servers can, however, safely spawn player entities for players not in visible range. The client appears to handle it correctly.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x05	Play	Client	Entity ID	VarInt	Player's EID
			Player UUID	UUID	See below for notes on offline mode and NPCs
			X	Double
			Y	Double
			Z	Double
			Yaw	Angle
			Pitch	Angle
			Metadata	Entity Metadata

When in online mode, the UUIDs must be valid and have valid skin blobs. In offline mode, UUID v3 is used.

For NPCs UUID v2 should be used. Note:

<+Grum> i will never confirm this as a feature you know that :)

In an example UUID, xxxxxxxx-xxxx-Yxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx, the UUID version is specified by Y. So, for UUID v3, Y will always be 3, and for UUID v2, Y will always be 2.

Animation (clientbound)

Sent whenever an entity should change animation.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x06	Play	Client	Entity ID	VarInt	Player ID
			Animation	Unsigned Byte	Animation ID (see below)

Animation can be one of the following values:

ID	Animation
0	Swing main arm
1	Take damage
2	Leave bed
3	Swing offhand
4	Critical effect
5	Magic critical effect

Statistics

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name		Field Type		Notes
0x07	Play	Client	Count		VarInt		Number of elements in the following array
			Statistic	Name	Array	String	https://gist.github.com/thinkofdeath/a1842c21a0cf2e1fb5e0
				Value		VarInt	The amount to set it to

Block Break Animation

0–9 are the displayable destroy stages and each other number means that there is no animation on this coordinate.

Block break animations can still be applied on air; the animation will remain visible although there is no block being broken. However, if this is applied to a transparent block, odd graphical effects may happen, including water losing its transparency. (An effect similar to this can be seen in normal gameplay when breaking ice blocks)

If you need to display several break animations at the same time you have to give each of them a unique Entity ID.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x08	Play	Client	Entity ID	VarInt	Entity ID of the entity breaking the block
			Location	Position	Block Position
			Destroy Stage	Byte	0–9 to set it, any other value to remove it

Update Block Entity

Sets tile entity associated with the block at the given location.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x09	Play	Client	Location	Position
			Action	Unsigned Byte	The type of update to perform, see below
			NBT Data	NBT Tag	Data to set. May be a TAG_END (0), in which case the block entity at the given location is removed (though this is not required since the client will remove the block entity automatically on chunk unload or block removal)

Action field:

• 1: Set SpawnPotentials of a mob spawner
• 2: Set command block text (command and last execution status)
• 3: Set the level, primary, and secondary powers of a beacon
• 4: Set rotation and skin of mob head
• 5: Set type of flower in flower pot
• 6: Set base color and patterns on a banner
• 7: Set the data for a Structure tile entity
• 8: Set the destination for a end gateway
• 9: Set the text on a sign

Block Action

This packet is used for a number of things:

• Chests opening and closing
• Pistons pushing and pulling
• Note blocks playing
• Updating beacons

See also: Block Actions

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x0A	Play	Client	Location	Position	Block coordinates
			Byte 1	Unsigned Byte	Varies depending on block — see Block Actions
			Byte 2	Unsigned Byte	Varies depending on block — see Block Actions
			Block Type	VarInt	The block type ID for the block, not including metadata/damage value

Block Change

Fired whenever a block is changed within the render distance.

Changing a block in a chunk that is not loaded is not a stable action. The Notchian client currently uses a shared empty chunk which is modified for all block changes in unloaded chunks; while in 1.10 this chunk never renders in older versions the changed block will appear in all copies of the empty chunk. Servers should avoid sending block changes in unloaded chunks and clients should ignore such packets.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x0B	Play	Client	Location	Position	Block Coordinates
			Block ID	VarInt	The new block state ID for the block as given in the global palette (When reading data: type = id >> 4, meta = id & 15, when writing data: id = type << 4 | (meta & 15))

Boss Bar

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name		Field Type	Notes
0x0C	Play	Client	UUID		UUID	Unique ID for this bar
			Action		VarInt Enum	Determines the layout of the remaining packet
			Action	Field Name
			0: add	Title	Chat
				Health	Float	From 0 to 1. Values greater than 1 do not crash a Notchian client, and start rendering part of a second health bar at around 1.5.
				Color	VarInt Enum	Color ID (see below)
				Division	VarInt Enum	Type of division (see below)
				Flags	Unsigned Byte	Bit mask. 0x1: should darken sky, 0x2: is dragon bar (used to play end music)
			1: remove	no fields	no fields	Removes this boss bar
			2: update health	Health	Float	as above
			3: update title	Title	Chat
			4: update style	Color	VarInt Enum	Color ID (see below)
				Dividers	VarInt Enum	as above
			5: update flags	Flags	Unsigned Byte	as above

ID	Color
0	Pink
1	Blue
2	Red
3	Green
4	Yellow
5	Purple
6	White

ID	Type of division
0	No division
1	6 notches
2	10 notches
3	12 notches
4	20 notches

Server Difficulty

Changes the difficulty setting in the client's option menu

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x0D	Play	Client	Difficulty	Unsigned Byte	0: peaceful, 1: easy, 2: normal, 3: hard

Tab-Complete (clientbound)

The server responds with a list of auto-completions of the last word sent to it. In the case of regular chat, this is a player username. Command names and parameters are also supported.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x0E	Play	Client	Count	VarInt	Number of elements in the following array
			Matches	Array of String	One eligible command, note that each command is sent separately instead of in a single string, hence the need for Count

Chat Message (clientbound)

Identifying the difference between Chat/System Message is important as it helps respect the user's chat visibility options. While Position 2 accepts json formatting it will not display, old style formatting works

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x0F	Play	Client	JSON Data	Chat	Limited to 32767 bytes
			Position	Byte	0: chat (chat box), 1: system message (chat box), 2: above hotbar

Multi Block Change

Fired whenever 2 or more blocks are changed within the same chunk on the same tick.

Changing blocks in chunks not loaded by the client is unsafe (see note on Block Change).

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name		Field Type		Notes
0x10	Play	Client	Chunk X		Int		Chunk X coordinate
			Chunk Z		Int		Chunk Z coordinate
			Record Count		VarInt		Number of elements in the following array, i.e. the number of blocks affected
			Record	Horizontal Position	Array	Unsigned Byte	The 4 most significant bits (0xF0) encode the X coordinate, relative to the chunk. The 4 least significant bits (0x0F) encode the Z coordinate, relative to the chunk.
				Y Coordinate		Unsigned Byte	Y coordinate of the block
				Block ID		VarInt	The new block state ID for the block as given in the global palette (When reading data: type = id >> 4, meta = id & 15, when writing data: id = type << 4 | (meta & 15))

To decode the position into a world position:

worldX = (horizPos >> 4 & 15) + (chunkX * 16);
worldY = vertPos;
worldZ = (horizPos & 15) + (chunkZ * 16);

Confirm Transaction (clientbound)

A packet from the server indicating whether a request from the client was accepted, or whether there was a conflict (due to lag).

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x11	Play	Client	Window ID	Byte	The ID of the window that the action occurred in
			Action Number	Short	Every action that is to be accepted has a unique number. This field corresponds to that number.
			Accepted	Boolean	Whether the action was accepted

Close Window (clientbound)

This packet is sent from the server to the client when a window is forcibly closed, such as when a chest is destroyed while it's open.

Note, notchian clients send a close window packet with Window ID 0 to close their inventory even though there is never an Open Window packet for inventory.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x12	Play	Client	Window ID	Unsigned Byte	This is the ID of the window that was closed. 0 for inventory.

Open Window

This is sent to the client when it should open an inventory, such as a chest, workbench, or furnace. This message is not sent anywhere for clients opening their own inventory.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x13	Play	Client	Window ID	Unsigned Byte	A unique id number for the window to be displayed. Notchian server implementation is a counter, starting at 1.
			Window Type	String	The window type to use for display. See Inventory for a list.
			Window Title	Chat	The title of the window
			Number Of Slots	Unsigned Byte	Number of slots in the window (excluding the number of slots in the player inventory)
			Entity ID	Optional Int	EntityHorse's EID. Only sent when Window Type is “EntityHorse”

See Inventory for further information.

Window Items

The inventory slots

Sent by the server when items in multiple slots (in a window) are added/removed. This includes the main inventory, equipped armour and crafting slots.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x14	Play	Client	Window ID	Unsigned Byte	The ID of window which items are being sent for. 0 for player inventory.
			Count	Short	Number of elements in the following array
			Slot Data	Array of Slot

See inventory windows for further information about how slots are indexed.

Window Property

This packet is used to inform the client that part of a GUI window should be updated.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x15	Play	Client	Window ID	Unsigned Byte
			Property	Short	The property to be updated, see below
			Value	Short	The new value for the property, see below

The meaning of the Property field depends on the type of the window. The following table shows the known combinations of window type and property, and how the value is to be interpreted.

Window type	Property	Value
Furnace	0: Fire icon (fuel left)	counting from fuel burn time down to 0 (in-game ticks)
	1: Maximum fuel burn time	fuel burn time or 0 (in-game ticks)
	2: Progress arrow	0–200 (in-game ticks)
	3: Maximum progress	always 200
Enchantment Table	0: Level requirement for top enchantment slot	The enchantment's xp level requirement
	1: Level requirement for middle enchantment slot
	2: Level requirement for bottom enchantment slot
	3: The seed for generating the enchantments view for the client	Unknown
	4: Enchantment shown on mouse hover over top enchantment slot	The enchantment id (set to -1 to hide it)
	5: Enchantment shown on mouse hover over middle enchantment slot
	6: Enchantment shown on mouse hover over bottom enchantment slot
Beacon	0: Power level	Unknown
	1: First potion effect	Unknown
	2: Second potion effect	Unknown
Anvil	0: Repair cost	The repair's cost in xp levels
Brewing Stand	0: Brew time	0–400, with 400 making the arrow empty, and 0 making the arrow full

Set Slot

Sent by the server when an item in a slot (in a window) is added/removed.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x16	Play	Client	Window ID	Byte	The window which is being updated. 0 for player inventory. Note that all known window types include the player inventory. This packet will only be sent for the currently opened window while the player is performing actions, even if it affects the player inventory. After the window is closed, a number of these packets are sent to update the player's inventory window (0).
			Slot	Short	The slot that should be updated
			Slot Data	Slot

To set the cursor (the item currently dragged with the mouse), use -1 as Window ID and as Slot.

This packet can only be used to edit the hotbar of the player's inventory if window ID is set to 0 (slots 36 through 44). If the window ID is set to -2, then any slot in the inventory can be used but no add item animation will be played.

Set Cooldown

Applies a cooldown period to all items with the given type. Used by the Notchian server with enderpearls. This packet should be sent when the cooldown starts and also when the cooldown ends (to compensate for lag), although the client will end the cooldown automatically.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x17	Play	Client	Item ID	VarInt	Numeric ID of the item to apply a cooldown to.
			Cooldown Ticks	VarInt	Number of ticks to apply a cooldown for, or 0 to clear the cooldown.

Plugin Message (clientbound)

Main article: Plugin channels

Mods and plugins can use this to send their data. Minecraft itself uses a number of plugin channels. These internal channels are prefixed with MC|.

More documentation on this: http://dinnerbone.com/blog/2012/01/13/minecraft-plugin-channels-messaging/

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x18	Play	Client	Channel	String	Name of the plugin channel used to send the data
			Data	Byte Array	Any data, depending on the channel. MC| channels are documented here. The length of this array must be inferred from the packet length.

Named Sound Effect

See also: #Sound Effect

Used to play a sound effect on the client. Custom sounds may be added by resource packs.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x19	Play	Client	Sound Name	String	All sound effect names as of 1.9.0 can be seen here.
			Sound Category	VarInt Enum	The category that this sound will be played from (current categories)
			Effect Position X	Int	Effect X multiplied by 8 (fixed-point number with only 3 bits dedicated to the fractional part)
			Effect Position Y	Int	Effect Y multiplied by 8 (fixed-point number with only 3 bits dedicated to the fractional part)
			Effect Position Z	Int	Effect Z multiplied by 8 (fixed-point number with only 3 bits dedicated to the fractional part)
			Volume	Float	1 is 100%, can be more
			Pitch	Float	Float between 0.5 and 2.0 by Notchian clients

Disconnect (play)

Sent by the server before it disconnects a client. The client assumes that the server has already closed the connection by the time the packet arrives.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x1A	Play	Client	Reason	Chat	Displayed to the client when the connection terminates.

Entity Status

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x1B	Play	Client	Entity ID	Int
			Entity Status	Byte Enum	See below

Entity Status	Meaning
0	Spawn tipped arrow particle effects
1	Reset a mob spawner minecart's timer (unused by the client?)
1	Create rabbit running particles
2	Entity hurt animation
3	Entity died animation
4	Iron Golem throwing up arms
6	Wolf/Ocelot/Horse taming — Spawn “heart” particles
7	Wolf/Ocelot/Horse tamed — Spawn “smoke” particles
8	Wolf shaking water — Trigger the shaking animation
9	Mark item use as finished (ie, eating finished, drinking finished)
10	Sheep eating grass
10	Ignite TNT minecart
11	Iron Golem handing over a rose
12	Villager mating — Spawn “heart” particles
13	Spawn particles indicating that a villager is angry and seeking revenge
14	Spawn happy particles near a villager
15	Witch animation — Spawn “magic” particles
16	Play zombie converting into a villager sound
17	Firework exploding
18	Animal in love (ready to mate) — Spawn “heart” particles
19	Reset squid rotation
20	Spawn explosion particle — works for some living entities
21	Play guardian sound — works for every entity
22	Enables reduced debug for the given player
23	Disables reduced debug for the given player
24–28	Sets the op permission level 0–4 for the connected player
29	Shield block sound
30	Shield break sound
31	For a fishing rod bobber, if the hooked entity is this player, tug that player toward the caster of the rod
32	Armorstand hit sound
33	Entity hurt due to thorns (play thorns sound, perform normal hurt animation)

Explosion

Sent when an explosion occurs (creepers, TNT, and ghast fireballs).

Each block in Records is set to air. Coordinates for each axis in record is int(X) + record.x

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x1C	Play	Client	X	Float
			Y	Float
			Z	Float
			Radius	Float	Currently unused in the client
			Record Count	Int	Number of elements in the following array
			Records	Array of (Byte, Byte, Byte)	Each record is 3 signed bytes long, each bytes are the XYZ (respectively) offsets of affected blocks.
			Player Motion X	Float	X velocity of the player being pushed by the explosion
			Player Motion Y	Float	Y velocity of the player being pushed by the explosion
			Player Motion Z	Float	Z velocity of the player being pushed by the explosion

Unload Chunk

Tells the client to unload a chunk column.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x1D	Play	Client	Chunk X	Int	Block coordinate divided by 16, rounded down
			Chunk Z	Int	Block coordinate divided by 16, rounded down

Change Game State

Used for a wide variety of game state things, from weather to bed use to game mode to demo messages.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x1E	Play	Client	Reason	Unsigned Byte	See below
			Value	Float	Depends on Reason

Reason codes:

Reason	Effect	Value
0	Invalid Bed	Would be used to switch between messages, but the only used message is 0 for invalid bed
1	End raining
2	Begin raining
3	Change game mode	0: Survival, 1: Creative, 2: Adventure, 3: Spectator
4	Exit end	0: Immediately send Client Status of respawn without showing end credits; 1: Show end credits and respawn at the end (or when esc is pressed). 1 is sent if the player has not yet received the "The end?" achievement, while if they do have it 0 is used.
5	Demo message	0: Show welcome to demo screen, 101: Tell movement controls, 102: Tell jump control, 103: Tell inventory control
6	Arrow hitting player	Appears to be played when an arrow strikes another player in Multiplayer
7	Fade value	The current darkness value. 1 = Dark, 0 = Bright, Setting the value higher causes the game to change color and freeze
8	Fade time	Time in ticks for the sky to fade
10	Play elder guardian mob appearance (effect and sound)

Keep Alive (clientbound)

The server will frequently send out a keep-alive, each containing a random ID. The client must respond with the same packet. If the client does not respond to them for over 30 seconds, the server kicks the client. Vice versa, if the server does not send any keep-alives for 20 seconds, the client will disconnect and yields a "Timed out" exception.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x1F	Play	Client	Keep Alive ID	VarInt

Chunk Data

See also: #Unload Chunk

The server only sends skylight information for chunk pillars in the Overworld, it's up to the client to know in which dimenison the player is currently located. You can also infer this information from the primary bitmask and the amount of uncompressed bytes sent. This packet also sends all block entities in the chunk (though sending them is not required; it is still legal to send them with Update Block Entity later).

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x20	Play	Client	Chunk X	Int	Block coordinate divided by 16, rounded down
			Chunk Z	Int	Block coordinate divided by 16, rounded down
			Ground-Up Continuous	Boolean	This is true if the packet represents all chunk sections in this vertical chunk column, where the Primary Bit Mask specifies exactly which chunk sections are included, and which are air.
			Primary Bit Mask	VarInt	Bitmask with bits set to 1 for every 16×16×16 chunk section whose data is included in Data. The least significant bit represents the chunk section at the bottom of the chunk column (from y=0 to y=15).
			Size	VarInt	Size of Data in bytes, plus size of Biomes in bytes if present
			Data	Array of Chunk Section	The length of the array is equal to the number of bits set in Primary Bit Mask. Chunks are sent bottom-to-top, i.e. the first chunk, if sent, extends from Y=0 to Y=15.
			Biomes	Optional Byte Array	Only if Ground-Up Continuous: biome array, byte per XZ coordinate, 256 bytes total.
			Number of block entities	VarInt	Length of the following array
			Block entities	Array of NBT Tag	All block entities in the chunk. Use the x, y, and z tags in the NBT to determine their positions.

Effect

Sent when a client is to play a sound or particle effect.

By default, the Minecraft client adjusts the volume of sound effects based on distance. The final boolean field is used to disable this, and instead the effect is played from 2 blocks away in the correct direction. Currently this is only used for effect 1023 (wither spawn) and effect 1028 (enderdragon death); it is ignored on other effects.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x21	Play	Client	Effect ID	Int	The ID of the effect, see below
			Location	Position	The location of the effect
			Data	Int	Extra data for certain effects, see below
			Disable Relative Volume	Boolean	See above

Effect IDs:

ID	Name	Data
Sound
1000	Dispenser dispenses
1001	Dispenser fails to dispense
1002	Dispenser shoots
1003	Ender eye launched
1004	Firework shot
1005	Iron door opened
1006	Wooden door opened
1007	Wooden trapdoor opened
1008	Fence gate opened
1009	Fire extinguished
1010	Play record	Record ID
1011	Iron door closed
1012	Wooden door closed
1013	Wooden trapdoor closed
1014	Fence gate closed
1015	Ghast warns
1016	Ghast shoots
1017	Enderdragon shoots
1018	Blaze shoots
1019	Zombie attacks wood door
1020	Zombie attacks iron door
1021	Zombie breaks wood door
1022	Wither breaks block
1023	Wither spawned
1024	Wither shoots
1025	Bat takes off
1026	Zombie infects
1027	Zombie villager converted
1028	Ender dragon death
1029	Anvil destroyed
1030	Anvil used
1031	Anvil landed
1032	Portal travel
1033	Chorus flower grown
1034	Chorus flower died
1035	Brewing stand brewed
1036	Iron trapdoor opened
1037	Iron trapdoor closed
Particle
2000	Spawns 10 smoke particles, e.g. from a fire	Direction, see below
2001	Block break + block break sound	Block ID
2002	Splash potion. Particle effect + glass break sound.	Potion ID
2003	Eye of Ender entity break animation — particles and sound
2004	Mob spawn particle effect: smoke + flames
2005	Bonemeal particles	How many particles to spawn (if set to 0, 15 are spawned)
2006	Dragon breath
3000	End gateway spawn
3001	Enderdragon growl

Smoke directions:

ID	Direction
0	South-East
1	South
2	South-West
3	East
4	(Up or middle ?)
5	West
6	North-East
7	North
8	North-West

Particle

Displays the named particle

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x22	Play	Client	Particle ID	Int	See below
			Long Distance	Boolean	If true, particle distance increases from 256 to 65536
			X	Float	X position of the particle
			Y	Float	Y position of the particle
			Z	Float	Z position of the particle
			Offset X	Float	This is added to the X position after being multiplied by random.nextGaussian()
			Offset Y	Float	This is added to the Y position after being multiplied by random.nextGaussian()
			Offset Z	Float	This is added to the Z position after being multiplied by random.nextGaussian()
			Particle Data	Float	The data of each particle
			Particle Count	Int	The number of particles to create
			Data	Array of VarInt	Length depends on particle. "iconcrack" has length of 2, "blockcrack", and "blockdust" have lengths of 1, the rest have 0.

Particle IDs:

Particle Name	Particle ID
explode	0
largeexplosion	1
hugeexplosion	2
fireworksSpark	3
bubble	4
splash	5
wake	6
suspended	7
depthsuspend	8
crit	9
magicCrit	10
smoke	11
largesmoke	12
spell	13
instantSpell	14
mobSpell	15
mobSpellAmbient	16
witchMagic	17
dripWater	18
dripLava	19
angryVillager	20
happyVillager	21
townaura	22
note	23
portal	24
enchantmenttable	25
flame	26
lava	27
footstep	28
cloud	29
reddust	30
snowballpoof	31
snowshovel	32
slime	33
heart	34
barrier	35
iconcrack_(id)_(data)	36
blockcrack_(id+(data<<12))	37
blockdust_(id)	38
droplet	39
take	40
mobappearance	41
dragonbreath	42
endrod	43
damageindicator	44
sweepattack	45

Join Game

See Protocol Encryption for information on logging in.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x23	Play	Client	Entity ID	Int	The player's Entity ID (EID)
			Gamemode	Unsigned Byte	0: Survival, 1: Creative, 2: Adventure, 3: Spectator. Bit 3 (0x8) is the hardcore flag.
			Dimension	Int Enum	-1: Nether, 0: Overworld, 1: End; also, note that this is not a VarInt but instead a regular int.
			Difficulty	Unsigned Byte	0: peaceful, 1: easy, 2: normal, 3: hard
			Max Players	Unsigned Byte	Was once used by the client to draw the player list, but now is ignored
			Level Type	String	default, flat, largeBiomes, amplified, default_1_1
			Reduced Debug Info	Boolean	If true, a Notchian client shows reduced information on the debug screen.

Map

Updates a rectangular area on a map item.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name		Field Type		Notes
0x24	Play	Client	Item Damage		VarInt		The damage value (map ID) of the map being modified
			Scale		Byte		From 0 for a fully zoomed-in map (1 block per pixel) to 4 for a fully zoomed-out map (16 blocks per pixel)
			Tracking Position		Boolean		Specifies whether the icons are shown
			Icon Count		VarInt		Number of elements in the following array
			Icon	Direction And Type	Array	Byte	0xF0 = Direction, 0x0F = Type
				X		Byte
				Z		Byte
			Columns		Byte		Number of columns updated
			Rows		Optional Byte		Only if Columns is more than 0; number of rows updated
			X		Optional Byte		Only if Columns is more than 0; x offset of the westernmost column
			Z		Optional Byte		Only if Columns is more than 0; z offset of the northernmost row
			Length		Optional VarInt		Only if Columns is more than 0; length of the following array
			Data		Optional Array of Unsigned Byte		Only if Columns is more than 0; see Map item format

Entity Relative Move

This packet is sent by the server when an entity moves less then 8 blocks; if an entity moves more than 8 blocks Entity Teleport (Play, 0x4A, clientbound) should be sent instead.

This packet allows at most 8 blocks movement in any direction, because short range is from -32768 to 32767. And 32768 / (128 * 32) = 8.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x25	Play	Client	Entity ID	VarInt
			Delta X	Short	Change in X position as (currentX * 32 - prevX * 32) * 128
			Delta Y	Short	Change in Y position as (currentY * 32 - prevY * 32) * 128
			Delta Z	Short	Change in Z position as (currentZ * 32 - prevZ * 32) * 128
			On Ground	Boolean

Entity Look And Relative Move

This packet is sent by the server when an entity rotates and moves. Since a short range is limited from -32768 to 32767, and movement is offset of fixed-point numbers, this packet allows at most 8 blocks movement in any direction. (-32768 / (32 * 128) == -8)

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x26	Play	Client	Entity ID	VarInt
			Delta X	Short	Change in X position as (currentX * 32 - prevX * 32) * 128
			Delta Y	Short	Change in Y position as (currentY * 32 - prevY * 32) * 128
			Delta Z	Short	Change in Z position as (currentZ * 32 - prevZ * 32) * 128
			Yaw	Angle	New angle, not a delta
			Pitch	Angle	New angle, not a delta
			On Ground	Boolean

Entity Look

This packet is sent by the server when an entity rotates.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x27	Play	Client	Entity ID	VarInt
			Yaw	Angle	New angle, not a delta
			Pitch	Angle	New angle, not a delta
			On Ground	Boolean

Entity

This packet may be used to initialize an entity.

For player entities, either this packet or any move/look packet is sent every game tick. So the meaning of this packet is basically that the entity did not move/look since the last such packet.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x28	Play	Client	Entity ID	VarInt

Vehicle Move (clientbound)

Note that all fields use absolute positioning and do not allow for relative positioning.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x29	Play	Client	X	Double	Absolute position (X coordinate)
			Y	Double	Absolute position (Y coordinate)
			Z	Double	Absolute position (Z coordinate)
			Yaw	Float	Absolute rotation on the vertical axis, in degrees
			Pitch	Float	Absolute rotation on the horizontal axis, in degrees

Open Sign Editor

Sent when the client has placed a sign and is allowed to send Update Sign.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x2A	Play	Client	Location	Position

Player Abilities (clientbound)

The latter 2 floats are used to indicate the field of view and flying speed respectively, while the first byte is used to determine the value of 4 booleans.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x2B	Play	Client	Flags	Byte	Bit field, see below
			Flying Speed	Float
			Field of View Modifier	Float	Modifies the field of view, like a speed potion. A Notchian server will use the same value as the movement speed (send in the Entity Properties packet).

About the flags:

Field	Bit
Invulnerable	0x01
Flying	0x02
Allow Flying	0x04
Creative Mode	0x08

Combat Event

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name		Field Type	Notes
0x2C	Play	Client	Event		VarInt Enum	Determines the layout of the remaining packet
			Event	Field Name
			0: enter combat	no fields	no fields
			1: end combat	Duration	VarInt
				Entity ID	Int
			2: entity dead	Player ID	VarInt
				Entity ID	Int
				Message	Chat

Player List Item

Sent by the server to update the user list (<tab> in the client).

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name				Field Type			Notes
0x2D	Play	Client	Action				VarInt			Determines the rest of the Player format after the UUID
			Number Of Players				VarInt			Number of elements in the following array
			Player	UUID			Array	UUID
				Action	Field Name
				0: add player	Name			String
					Number Of Properties			VarInt		Number of elements in the following array
					Property	Name		Array	String
						Value			String
						Is Signed			Boolean
						Signature			Optional String	Only if Is Signed is true
					Gamemode			VarInt
					Ping			VarInt
					Has Display Name			Boolean
					Display Name			Optional Chat		Only if Has Display Name is true
				1: update gamemode	Gamemode			VarInt
				2: update latency	Ping			VarInt
				3: update display name	Has Display Name			Boolean
					Display Name			Optional Chat		Only send if Has Display Name is true
				4: remove player	no fields			no fields

The Property field looks as in the response of Mojang API#UUID -> Profile + Skin/Cape, except of course using the protocol format instead of JSON. That is, each player will usually have one property with Name “textures” and Value being a base64-encoded JSON string as documented at Mojang API#UUID -> Profile + Skin/Cape. An empty properties array is also acceptable, and will cause clients to display the player with one of the two default skins depending on UUID.

Player Position And Look (clientbound)

Updates the player's position on the server. This packet will also close the “Downloading Terrain” screen when joining/respawning.

If the distance between the last known position of the player on the server and the new position set by this packet is greater than 100 meters, the client will be kicked for “You moved too quickly :( (Hacking?)”.

Also if the fixed-point number of X or Z is set greater than 3.2E7D the client will be kicked for “Illegal position”.

Yaw is measured in degrees, and does not follow classical trigonometry rules. The unit circle of yaw on the XZ-plane starts at (0, 1) and turns counterclockwise, with 90 at (-1, 0), 180 at (0, -1) and 270 at (1, 0). Additionally, yaw is not clamped to between 0 and 360 degrees; any number is valid, including negative numbers and numbers greater than 360.

Pitch is measured in degrees, where 0 is looking straight ahead, -90 is looking straight up, and 90 is looking straight down.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x2E	Play	Client	X	Double	Absolute or relative position, depending on Flags
			Y	Double	Absolute or relative position, depending on Flags
			Z	Double	Absolute or relative position, depending on Flags
			Yaw	Float	Absolute or relative rotation on the X axis, in degrees
			Pitch	Float	Absolute or relative rotation on the Y axis, in degrees
			Flags	Byte	Bit field, see below
			Teleport ID	VarInt	Client should confirm this packet with Teleport Confirm containing the same Teleport ID

About the Flags field:

<Dinnerbone> It's a bitfield, X/Y/Z/Y_ROT/X_ROT. If X is set, the x value is relative and not absolute.

Field	Bit
X	0x01
Y	0x02
Z	0x04
Y_ROT	0x08
X_ROT	0x10

Use Bed

This packet tells that a player goes to bed.

The client with the matching Entity ID will go into bed mode.

This Packet is sent to all nearby players including the one sent to bed.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x2F	Play	Client	Entity ID	VarInt	Sleeping player's EID
			Location	Position	Block location of the head part of the bed

Destroy Entities

Sent by the server when a list of entities is to be destroyed on the client.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x30	Play	Client	Count	VarInt	Number of elements in the following array
			Entity IDs	Array of VarInt	The list of entities of destroy

Remove Entity Effect

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x31	Play	Client	Entity ID	VarInt
			Effect ID	Byte	See this table

Resource Pack Send

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x32	Play	Client	URL	String	The URL to the resource pack.
			Hash	String	A 40 character hexadecimal and lowercase SHA-1 hash of the resource pack file. (must be lower case in order to work) If it's not a 40 character hexadecimal string, the client will not use it for hash verification and likely waste bandwidth — but it will still treat it as a unique id

Respawn

To change the player's dimension (overworld/nether/end), send them a respawn packet with the appropriate dimension, followed by prechunks/chunks for the new dimension, and finally a position and look packet. You do not need to unload chunks, the client will do it automatically.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x33	Play	Client	Dimension	Int Enum	-1: The Nether, 0: The Overworld, 1: The End
			Difficulty	Unsigned Byte	0: Peaceful, 1: Easy, 2: Normal, 3: Hard
			Gamemode	Unsigned Byte	0: survival, 1: creative, 2: adventure, 3: spectator. The hardcore flag is not included
			Level Type	String	Same as Join Game

Avoid changing player's dimension to same dimension they were already in unless they are dead. If you change the dimension to one they are already in, weird bugs can occur, such as the player being unable to attack other players in new world (until they die and respawn).

If you must respawn a player in the same dimension without killing them, send two respawn packets, one to a different world and then another to the world you want. You do not need to complete the first respawn; it only matters that you send two packets.

Entity Head Look

Changes the direction an entity's head is facing.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x34	Play	Client	Entity ID	VarInt
			Head Yaw	Angle	New angle, not a delta

World Border

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name		Field Type	Notes
0x35	Play	Client	Action		VarInt Enum	Determines the format of the rest of the packet
			Action	Field Name
			0: set size	Diameter	Double	Length of a single side of the world border, in meters
			1: lerp size	Old Diameter	Double	Current length of a single side of the world border, in meters
				New Diameter	Double	Target length of a single side of the world border, in meters
				Speed	VarLong	Number of real-time milliseconds until New Diameter is reached. It appears that Notchian server does not sync world border speed to game ticks, so it gets out of sync with server lag. If the world border is not moving, this is set to 0.
			2: set center	X	Double
				Z	Double
			3: initialize	X	Double
				Z	Double
				Old Diameter	Double	Current length of a single side of the world border, in meters
				New Diameter	Double	Target length of a single side of the world border, in meters
				Speed	VarLong	Number of real-time milliseconds until New Diameter is reached. It appears that Notchian server does not sync world border speed to game ticks, so it gets out of sync with server lag. If the world border is not moving, this is set to 0.
				Portal Teleport Boundary	VarInt	Resulting coordinates from a portal teleport are limited to ±value. Usually 29999984.
				Warning Time	VarInt	In seconds as set by /worldborder warning time
				Warning Blocks	VarInt	In meters
			4: set warning time	Warning Time	VarInt	In seconds as set by /worldborder warning time
			5: set warning blocks	Warning Blocks	VarInt	In meters

The Notchian client determines how solid to display the warning by comparing to whichever is higher, the warning distance or whichever is lower, the distance from the current diameter to the target diameter or the place the border will be after warningTime seconds. In pseudocode:

distance = max(min(resizeSpeed * 1000 * warningTime, abs(targetDiameter - currentDiameter)), warningDistance);
if (playerDistance < distance) {
    warning = 1.0 - playerDistance / distance;
} else {
    warning = 0.0;
}

Camera

Sets the entity that the player renders from. This is normally used when the player left-clicks an entity while in spectator mode.

The player's camera will move with the entity and look where it is looking. The entity is often another player, but can be any type of entity. The player is unable to move this entity (move packets will act as if they are coming from the other entity).

If the given entity is not loaded by the player, this packet is ignored. To return control to the player, send this packet with their entity ID.

The Notchian server resets this (sends it back to the default entity) whenever the spectated entity is killed or the player sneaks, but only if they were spectating an entity. It also sends this packet whenever the player switches out of spectator mode (even if they weren't spectating an entity).

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x36	Play	Client	Camera ID	VarInt	ID of the entity to set the client's camera to

The notchian also loads certain shaders for given entities:

• Creeper → shaders/post/creeper.json
• Spider (and cave spider) → shaders/post/spider.json
• Enderman → shaders/post/invert.json
• Anything else → the current shader is unloaded

Held Item Change (clientbound)

Sent to change the player's slot selection.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x37	Play	Client	Slot	Byte	The slot which the player has selected (0–8)

Display Scoreboard

This is sent to the client when it should display a scoreboard.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x38	Play	Client	Position	Byte	The position of the scoreboard. 0: list, 1: sidebar, 2: below name.
			Score Name	String	The unique name for the scoreboard to be displayed.

Entity Metadata

Updates one or more metadata properties for an existing entity. Any properties not included in the Metadata field are left unchanged.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x39	Play	Client	Entity ID	VarInt
			Metadata	Entity Metadata

Attach Entity

This packet is sent when an entity has been leashed to another entity.

Packet ID	State	Bound To	Field Name	Field Type	Notes
0x3A	Play	Client	Attached Entity ID	Int	Attached ent